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Wenn der Spaten sich zurückbiegt: Mouffes Wittgensteinianische Analyse radikalen Dissenses und darüber hinaus

[journal article]

Ebeling, Martin

Abstract

In diesem Aufsatz diskutiere ich die erkenntnistheoretischen Aspekte ‚radikalen Dissenses' anhand der Demokratietheorie Chantal Mouffes und der Spätphilosophie Ludwig Wittgensteins, auf die sich Mouffe stützt, um ihre Kritik an 'rationalistischer' politischer Philosophie den nötigen epistemologische... view more

In diesem Aufsatz diskutiere ich die erkenntnistheoretischen Aspekte ‚radikalen Dissenses' anhand der Demokratietheorie Chantal Mouffes und der Spätphilosophie Ludwig Wittgensteins, auf die sich Mouffe stützt, um ihre Kritik an 'rationalistischer' politischer Philosophie den nötigen epistemologischen Unterbau zu geben und sie auf dieser Ebene fortzuführen. Ich argumentiere, dass sie dabei den Clou an Wittgensteins 'tiefen Kontextualismus' verkennt, der fest in der Perspektive einer Lebensform verankert ist. Will man Wittgenstein an dieser Stelle treu bleiben, erzwingt die Existenz einer Pluralität von Lebensformen keine automatische Abkehr vom Paradigma der Rechtfertigung, wie es 'rationalistische' Strömungen innerhalb der politischen Philosophie beinhalten. Vielmehr zeige ich am Beispiel John Rawls's politischem Liberalismus, dass sich dieser mit Mouffes Projekt einer 'radikalen' Demokratietheorie versöhnen lässt, wenn wir ihre Differenzen als Ausdruck einer Arbeitsteilung in der Analyse verschiedener Typen politischen Dissenses deuten. Diese so noch nicht beschriebene Möglichkeit einer Versöhnung dieser wichtigen Strömungen der zeitgenössischen politischen Philosophie wirft allerdings die Frage nach den Grenzen demokratischer Lebensformen auf, die ich dann am Ende des Aufsatzes diskutiere.... view less


In this article, I discuss the epistemological aspects of 'radical disagreement' with reference to Chantal Mouffe’s theory of democracy and Ludwig Wittgenstein's late philosophy. Mouffe builds on the latter to provide the necessary epistemological foundation to her critique of 'rationalistic' politi... view more

In this article, I discuss the epistemological aspects of 'radical disagreement' with reference to Chantal Mouffe’s theory of democracy and Ludwig Wittgenstein's late philosophy. Mouffe builds on the latter to provide the necessary epistemological foundation to her critique of 'rationalistic' political philosophy and to continue this critique on the epistemological register. I argue, however, that her reading of Wittgenstein misses aspects vital to his 'deep contextualism'. If we remain faithful to his project, the existence of a plurality of forms of life does not necessitate a rejection of the paradigm of justification as it is embedded in 'rationalistic' currents of contemporary political philosophy. Using the example of John Rawls’s brand of political liberalism, I show furthermore that we can reconcile it with Mouffe's project of radical democracy if we interpret their differences as the expression of a division of labor in the analysis of different types of political disagreement. This newly won possibility of reconciling these important currents of contemporary philosophy, however, raises the question, which I will discuss towards the end of the article, how to determine the boundaries of democratic forms of life.... view less

Keywords
Mouffe, C.; Rawls, J.; Wittgenstein, L.; epistemology; relativism; consensus; theory of democracy; political theory; political philosophy

Classification
Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Political Science

Free Keywords
radikale Demokratie; radikaler Dissens; Kontextualismus

Document language
German

Publication Year
2014

Page/Pages
p. 234-251

Journal
ZPTh - Zeitschrift für Politische Theorie, 5 (2014) 2

Issue topic
Themenschwerpunkt Chantal Mouffe

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3224/zpth.v5i2.17124

ISSN
2196-2103

Status
Published Version; peer reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0


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