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Myanmar's Civil Society - a Patch for the National Education System? The Emergence of Civil Society in Areas of State Weakness

Myanmars Zivilgesellschaft - ein Lückenbüßer für das staatliche Bildungssystem? Die Entstehung von Zivilgesellschaft in Bereichen schwacher Staatlichkeit
[journal article]

Lorch, Jasmin

Abstract

Civil society groups are among the most important private actors to fill some of the gaps that exist in Myanmar’s education system. As the state-run education system deteriorates, civil society actors develop alternative approaches to teaching and the provision of basic education materials. As its... view more

Civil society groups are among the most important private actors to fill some of the gaps that exist in Myanmar’s education system. As the state-run education system deteriorates, civil society actors develop alternative approaches to teaching and the provision of basic education materials. As its subtitle suggests, this article argues that even though the military regime of Myanmar is highly authoritarian, spaces for civil society actors do exist within two areas of state weakness: firstly, within various sectors of the weak welfare state; and secondly, within some of the negotiated spaces of relative ethnic autonomy in ceasefire areas. Against this backdrop, the emergence of civil-society-based self-help groups in the education sector provides but one specific example of a larger trend that is taking place in present-day Myanmar: The military regime has started to tolerate certain civil society activities in areas of tremendous welfare needs that the government is unable or unwilling to deal with itself.... view less


Zivilgesellschaftliche Gruppen gehören zu den bedeutendsten nichtstaatlichen Akteuren, die einige der zahlreichen Lücken, die in Myanmars Bildungssystem existieren, notdürftig schließen. Während das staatliche Bildungssystem zusehends erodiert, entwickeln zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure alternativ... view more

Zivilgesellschaftliche Gruppen gehören zu den bedeutendsten nichtstaatlichen Akteuren, die einige der zahlreichen Lücken, die in Myanmars Bildungssystem existieren, notdürftig schließen. Während das staatliche Bildungssystem zusehends erodiert, entwickeln zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure alternative Ansätze der Selbsthilfe, um Grundbildung zu vermitteln und unentbehrliche Lehrmaterialen bereitzustellen.Wie der Untertitel dieses Artikels impliziert, argumentiert die Autorin, dass trotz der Repressivität des autoritären Regimes in Myanmar in mindestens zwei Bereichen, in denen der Staat schwach ist, Handlungsspielräume für zivilgesellschaftliche Akteure existieren: erstens in verschiedenen Sektoren des versagenden Wohlfahrtsstaates und zweitens in einigen der ausgehandelten Autonomiegebiete der ethnischen Minderheiten. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt die Entstehung zivilgesellschaftlicher Selbsthilfeinitiativen im Bildungsbereich nur ein Beispiel für eine allgemeine Entwicklung dar, die gegenwärtig in Myanmar stattfindet: Das Militärregime hat begonnen, in Bereichen, in denen enorme Wohlfahrtsdefizite herrschen, welche die Regierung selbst nicht zu beheben in der Lage – oder willens – ist, zivilgesellschaftliche Selbsthilfeaktivitäten zu tolerieren.... view less

Keywords
civil society; Myanmar; non-governmental organization; authoritarian system; military government; development aid; education system; failed state; church; educational offerings

Classification
Macroanalysis of the Education System, Economics of Education, Educational Policy

Document language
English

Publication Year
2007

Page/Pages
p. 54-88

Journal
Südostasien aktuell : journal of current Southeast Asian affairs, 26 (2007) 3

ISSN
0722-8821

Status
Published Version; reviewed

Licence
Creative Commons - Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works


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