Peripheral conduction blocks caused by compression or trauma are common pathologies but
still their mechanism and the prognosis remain unclear. Many recent studies have provided new
information about the underlying mechanisms influencing immediate and long-term prognosis.
However, no publication made the link between new knowledge and clinical observations. Over
the last years we have seen many clinical situations where clinical evolution and long-term
prognosis did not correspond to what was generally recognized and expectable according to
common surgical practice and literature. This paper aims to determine the underlying
mechanisms that influence both the clinical status and prognosis of patients with compressive
conduction blocks treated by neurolysis. We will also try to determine if the temporal window
during which surgery improves the prognosis significantly, could be extended.