Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is the most common type of head and neck cancer. About half of the people with locally advanced (LA) SCCHN will have surgery to remove their cancer. For people who do not have surgery, chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment, with the aim of fully removing the cancer. However, in many people, this treatment does not completely kill the cancer. This summary presents the main results of a phase 2 study of a medicine called xevinapant, which is under investigation as a potential future medicine for people with this type of cancer.
In this study, researchers wanted to find out whether xevinapant plus chemoradiotherapy could stop the cancer from growing back or getting worse in the years after treatment completion in people with LA SCCHN. They also looked at whether people with this type of cancer had side effects from taking this medicine. Short-term results were collected 18 months after treatment with chemoradiotherapy ended. These results showed that people who received xevinapant plus chemoradiotherapy were less likely to have their cancer grow back, or get worse in the part of the body where it was first found, than people who received liquid placebo-which looked and tasted the same as the active medicine (in this case, xevinapant), but did not contain any medicine-plus chemoradiotherapy. Researchers then continued to collect information for a longer amount of time (at least 3 years). They wanted to see if treatment with xevinapant plus chemoradiotherapy was stopping the cancer from growing back or getting worse and helping people live longer. After this, people were monitored for a further 2 years to see if they were alive 5 years after treatment.
The results showed that people with this type of cancer who were treated with xevinapant plus chemoradiotherapy were less likely to die, lived longer on average, and were less likely to have their cancer get worse. A phase 3 study, named TrilynX, in a larger group of people, is currently taking place to confirm the results of this study. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02022098 (Debio 1143-201 Dose-finding and Efficacy Phase I/II Trial) (ClinicalTrials.gov).