Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

Laurent A. F. Frantz, James Haile, Audrey T. Lin, Amelie Scheu, Christina Geörg, Norbert Benecke, Michelle Alexander, Anna Linderholm, Victoria E. Mullin, Kevin G. Daly, Vincent M. Battista, Max Price, Kurt J. Gron, Panoraia Alexandri, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Benjamin Arbuckle, Adrian Bălăşescu, Ross Barnett, László Bartosiewicz, Gennady Baryshnikov, Clive Bonsall, Dušan Borić, Adina Boroneanţ, Jelena Bulatović, Canan Çakırlar, José-Miguel Carretero, John Chapman, Mike Church, Richard Crooijmans, Bea DeCupere, Cleia Detry, Vesna Dimitrijević, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Louis Du Plessis, Ceiridwen Edwards, Cevdet Merih Erek, Aslı Erim Özdoğan, Anton Ervynck, Domenico Fulgione, Mihai Gligor, Anders Götherström, Lionel Gourichon, Martien A. M. Groenen, Daniel Helmer, Hitomi Hongo, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Joséphine Lesur, Caroline Malone, Ninna Manaserya, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Holley Martlew, Marjan Mashkour, Roger Matthews, Giedrė Motuzaitė Matuzevičiūtė, Sepideh Maziar, Erik Meijaard, Tom McGovern, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Rebecca Miller, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Jörg Orschiedt, David Orton, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Michael Parker Pearson, Ron Pinhasi, Darko Radmanović, François-Xavier Ricaut, Mike Richards, Richard Sabin, Lucia Sarti, Wolfram Schier, Shiva Sheikhi, Elisabeth Stephan, John R. Stewart, Simon Stoddart, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Nenad N. Tasić, Katerina Trantalidou, Anne Tresset, Cristina Valdiosera, Youri van den Hurk, Sophie van Poucke, Jean-Denis Vigne, Alexander Yanevich, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Jörg Schibler, Peter Rowley-Conwy, Melinda Zeder, Joris Peters, Thomas Cucchi, Daniel G. Bradley, Keith Dobney, Joachim Burger, Allowen Evin, Linus Girdland-Flink, Greger Larson

  • Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process.
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Author:Laurent A. F. Frantz, James Haile, Audrey T. Lin, Amelie Scheu, Christina Geörg, Norbert Benecke, Michelle Alexander, Anna Linderholm, Victoria E. Mullin, Kevin G. Daly, Vincent M. Battista, Max Price, Kurt J. Gron, Panoraia Alexandri, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Benjamin Arbuckle, Adrian Bălăşescu, Ross Barnett, László Bartosiewicz, Gennady Baryshnikov, Clive Bonsall, Dušan Borić, Adina Boroneanţ, Jelena Bulatović, Canan Çakırlar, José-Miguel Carretero, John Chapman, Mike Church, Richard Crooijmans, Bea DeCupere, Cleia Detry, Vesna Dimitrijević, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Louis Du Plessis, Ceiridwen Edwards, Cevdet Merih Erek, Aslı Erim Özdoğan, Anton Ervynck, Domenico Fulgione, Mihai Gligor, Anders Götherström, Lionel Gourichon, Martien A. M. Groenen, Daniel Helmer, Hitomi Hongo, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Evan K. Irving-Pease, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Joséphine Lesur, Caroline Malone, Ninna Manaserya, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Holley Martlew, Marjan Mashkour, Roger Matthews, Giedrė Motuzaitė Matuzevičiūtė, Sepideh Maziar, Erik Meijaard, Tom McGovern, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Rebecca Miller, Azadeh Fatemeh Mohaseb, Jörg Orschiedt, David Orton, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Michael Parker Pearson, Ron Pinhasi, Darko Radmanović, François-Xavier Ricaut, Mike Richards, Richard Sabin, Lucia Sarti, Wolfram Schier, Shiva Sheikhi, Elisabeth Stephan, John R. Stewart, Simon Stoddart, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Nenad N. Tasić, Katerina Trantalidou, Anne Tresset, Cristina Valdiosera, Youri van den Hurk, Sophie van Poucke, Jean-Denis Vigne, Alexander Yanevich, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Jörg Schibler, Peter Rowley-Conwy, Melinda Zeder, Joris Peters, Thomas Cucchi, Daniel G. Bradley, Keith Dobney, Joachim Burger, Allowen Evin, Linus Girdland-Flink, Greger Larson
URN:urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-508567
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901169116
ISSN:0027-8424
ISSN:1091-6490
Pubmed Id:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31405970
Parent Title (English):Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Publisher:National Acad. of Sciences
Place of publication:Washington, DC
Contributor(s):Dolores R. Piperno
Document Type:Article
Language:English
Year of Completion:2019
Date of first Publication:2019/08/12
Publishing Institution:Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg
Release Date:2019/08/29
Tag:Neolithic; domestication; evolution; gene flow
Volume:116
Issue:35
Page Number:8
First Page:17231
Last Page:17238
HeBIS-PPN:453937012
Institutes:Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaften / Kulturwissenschaften
Dewey Decimal Classification:5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 59 Tiere (Zoologie) / 590 Tiere (Zoologie)
9 Geschichte und Geografie / 93 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie / 930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie
Sammlungen:Universitätspublikationen
Licence (German):License LogoCreative Commons - Namensnennung 4.0