Dvočlane glagolske konstrukcije u usvajanju hrvatskoga jezika

Word Order in Early Language Acquisition: the Syntax of Two-Word Utterances

  • Sintaksa se u ranom jezičnom razvoju povećanjem kronološke dobi mijenja i usložnjava. Različitim teorijskim modelima pokušava se opisati razvoj sintakse, ali i put kojim dijete od najranijih iskaza dolazi do kompetencije odraslog govornika. Slijedeći navedenu misao, Tomasello (2006) je ponudio opis gramatičkih struktura ranih višečlanih iskaza kojim prikazuje put usložnjavanja sintakse iskaza, od jednočlanih i višečlanih iskaza (kombinacije riječi, pivot-sheme, konstrukcije zasnovane na čestici) do apstraktnih konstrukcija. Posebno su za opis ranog razvoja sintakse važne dvije kategorije konstrukcija, pivot-sheme (engl. pivot schemes) i konstrukcije zasnovane na čestici (engl. item-based constructions). Pivot-sheme definirane su kao dvočlane konstrukcije u kojima postoji ‘stalni’ element koji se nadopunjava novim elementima. Konstrukcije zasnovane na čestici od pivot-konstrukcija razlikuje veća sloboda u leksičkom izboru te prikladna uporaba gramatičkih kategorija (uporaba morfologije i reda riječi). Ovim se istraživanjem željelo provjeriti uklapaju li se hrvatske dvočlane glagolske konstrukcije u uobičajene podjele pivot-konstrukcija i konstrukcija zasnovanih na čestici i kakav je njihov red riječi s obzirom na tipološke karakteristike, odnosno morfološku razvedenost i relativno slobodan red riječi hrvatskoga jezika. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćeni dvočlani glagolski iskazi u Hrvatskom korpusu dječjeg jezika (HKDJ – Kovačević 2002). Izdvojene su i opisane pivot-konstrukcije te njihov put prema sintaktički složenijim oblicima, konstrukcijama zasnovanima na čestici. Rezultati hrvatskih dvočlanih iskaza upućuju na vrlo ranu uporabu gramatičkih morfema što nije u skladu s istraživanjima provedenima u engleskom jeziku. Nadalje, definicija pivot-shema samo se djelomično može primijeniti na iskaze pronađene u HKDJ-u. Hrvatske pivot-konstrukcije sadrže specifične morfološke i sintaktičke veze, različite od potpunoga gramatičkog sustava odraslih govornika, ali nedvojbeno s pripadajućim značenjima. Istraživanje je pokazalo da tipološke osobine određenog jezika utječu na razvoj sintakse pri usvajanju jezika te potiču ranu pojavu složenih gramatičkih elemenata.
  • In early language development complexity of syntax increases with the chronological age. Various theoretical models attempt to describe the early development of syntax and the way in which a child from the earliest utterances becomes a competent adult speaker. Tomasello offered a description of the complexity of the syntax of utterances from single and multi word utterances (combinations of words, pivot-schemes, item-based constructions) to abstract constructions. Two categories of constructions are of special importance for the description of the early syntax development: pivot-schemes and item-based constructions. Pivot-schemes are defined as two-item constructions with a ‘constant’ element supplemented with additional elements. Item-based constructions are less limited in lexical choice than pivot-schemes. Moreover, they differ in their usage of syntactic marking (morphosyntax and word order), forming a category of increased level of abstraction in child language. The aim of this study was to test whether a common definition of pivot-constructions and item-based constructions matches the structures in the Croatian child language and what their word order is considering the typological characteristics (morphological richness and a relatively free word order) of the Croatian language. Two word verbal utterances in the Croatian Corpus of Child Language (CCCL – Kovačević 2002) were studied. Pivot-constructions were selected and described together with their path to more complex item-based constructions. The results of the analysis show an early usage of grammatical morphemes, which differs from previous research based on the English language. According to this, when interpreting the results for the Croatian language, interlanguage differences must be taken into account. Furthermore, the applicability of a common definition of pivot-constructions to the Croatian language is just partial. The Croatian pivot-constructions contain specific morphological and syntactic elements, different from the grammar system of adult language, but certainly with associated meanings. The research has shown that the typological features of a language influence the development of syntax in language acquisition and induce an early onset of complex grammatical elements.

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Metadaten
Author:Gordana Hržica, Antonia Ordulj
URN:urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-387947
URL:http://hrcak.srce.hr/117873
ISSN:1331-6745
ISSN:1849-0379
Parent Title (Croatian):Rasprave : časopis Instituta za Hrvatski Jezik i Jezikoslovlje
Publisher:Inst.
Place of publication:Zagreb
Document Type:Article
Language:Croatian
Date of Publication (online):2016/10/13
Year of first Publication:2014
Publishing Institution:Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg
Release Date:2016/10/13
Tag:abstract constructions; itembased constructions; language acquisition; pivot-constructions; syntactic development
apstraktne konstrukcije; jezično usvajanje; konstrukcije zasnovane na čestici; pivot-sheme; sintaktički razvoj
Volume:39
Issue:2
Page Number:24
First Page:433
Last Page:456
Note:
Rights: Papers published in this journal can be used for personal or educational purposes while respecting the rights of authors and publishers.
HeBIS-PPN:450836673
Dewey Decimal Classification:4 Sprache / 49 Andere Sprachen / 490 Andere Sprachen
Sammlungen:Linguistik
Licence (German):License LogoDeutsches Urheberrecht