Dokument

Zusammenfassung:
Die larvale Muskulatur von Drosophila entsteht durch die heterotypische Fusion von Myoblasten im Embryo. Durch die Adhäsion der fusionierenden Zellen wird eine Signal-kaskade aktiviert, die Aktin-Reorganisationsprozesse anstößt und in der Auflösung der Membranen resultiert. Für diesen Prozess muss in kurzer Zeit viel Energie bereitgestellt werden. Es wurde vermutet, dass Argininkinase (Argk) die Energieversorgung der Myoblas-tenfusion unterstützt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass Argk in der embryonalen Muskulatur während der Myoblastenfusion exprimiert wird und zum Teil mit Mitochondrien kolokalisiert. Analysen von Deletions-Linien, ektopisch exprimierten Argk-Varianten sowie Lokalisationsstudien weisen darauf hin, dass Argk keine essentielle Funktion bei der embryonalen Myoblastenfusion übernimmt. Auch während der Metamorphose finden Myogenese-Prozesse statt. Die larvale Muskulatur wird dabei durch adulte Muskeln wie z.B. Bein- und Flugmuskeln ersetzt. Die Muskulatur der weiblichen und männlichen Reproduktionsorgane wird neugebildet. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die Muskulatur des männlichen Reproduktionstraktes insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Entstehung der Testismuskulatur untersucht. Die inneren Organe des männlichen Reprodukti-onstraktes sind von Muskelschichten umgeben, die unterschiedlich gestaltet sind. Die Muskelschicht der Testes unterscheidet sich von allen anderen in Drosophila beschriebenen Muskeln: eine Schicht aus glatten, mehrkernigen Muskelfasern umhüllt das Organ vollständig. Es wurde gezeigt, dass sich die Testis-Myoblasten zu Beginn der Metamorphose auf der Genitalscheibe befinden, dort amplifizieren und fusionieren, bevor sie mehrkernig als naszierende Myotuben auf die Testes migrieren. An der Fusion der Testis-Myoblasten sind die Adhäsionsmoleküle Dumbfounded (Duf) und Roughest (Rst) beteiligt, die während der embryonalen Myogenese die Adhäsion der Myoblasten gewährleisten. Bei einem Knock-down von duf, rst und duf + rst gemeinsam durch RNA-Interferenz entstehen Testismuskeln, die über weniger Zellkerne als der Wildtyp verfügen. Dabei sind die Filamentanordnung und die Migration der naszierenden Myotuben von der Genitalscheibe auf die Testes unverändert, so dass die adulten männlichen Reproduktionstrakte trotz verminderter Fusionseffizienz vom Wildtyp nicht zu unterscheiden sind. Daher wird postuliert, dass eine verminderte Fusionsrate spezifisch in den Testismuskeln kompensieren wird.

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