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Solid Acid Catalysts for the Hock Cleavage of Hydroperoxides

  • The oxidation of cumene and following cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) with sulfuric acid (Hock rearrangement) is still, by far, the dominant synthetic route to produce phenol. In 2020, the global phenol market reached a value of 23.3 billion US$ with a projected compound annual growth rate of 3.4% for 2020–2025. From ecological and economical viewpoints, the key step of this process is the cleavage of CHP. One sought-after way to likewise reduce energy consumption and waste production of the process is to substitute sulfuric acid with heterogeneous catalysts. Different types of zeolites, silicon-based clays, heteropoly acids, and ion exchange resins have been investigated and tested in various studies. For every type of these solid acid catalysts, several materials were found that show high yield and selectivity to phenol. In this mini-review, first a brief introduction and overview on the Hock process is given. Next, the mechanism, kinetics, and safety aspects are summarized and discussed. Following, the different types of heterogeneous catalysts and their performance as catalyst in the Hock process are illustrated. Finally, the different approaches to substitute sulfuric acid in the synthetic route to produce phenol are briefly concluded and a short outlook is given.

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Metadaten
Author:Jan Drönner, Peter Hausoul, Regina Palkovits, Matthias Eisenacher
URN:urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-19295
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12010091
ISSN:2073-4344
Parent Title (English):Catalysts
Publisher:MDPI
Editor:Jesús M. Requies, José Francisco Cambra Ibáñez, Victoria Laura Barrio Cagigal
Document Type:Article
Language:English
Date of first Publication:2022/01/14
Date of Publication (online):2022/05/06
GND-Keyword:Heterogene Katalyse
Tag:Cumene Hydroperoxide; Heterogeneous Catalysis; Hock cleavage
Volume:12
Issue:1
Article Number:91
Page Number:9
Institutes:Angewandte Naturwissenschaften (F11)
Dewey Decimal Classification:500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
Open Access:Open Access
DeepGreen:DeepGreen
Licence (German):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International