Capote Fuentes, René Tomás: Resilience of Mangroves on the South Coast of Havana province, Cuba. - Bonn, 2007. - Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn.
Online-Ausgabe in bonndoc: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-11246
@phdthesis{handle:20.500.11811/3123,
urn: https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:5N-11246,
author = {{René Tomás Capote Fuentes}},
title = {Resilience of Mangroves on the South Coast of Havana province, Cuba},
school = {Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn},
year = 2007,
volume = 52,
note = {Mangroves are important worldwide for a wide range of ecosystem services that contribute to human well-being (e.g., food and water consumption, recreation). However, 35% of documented mangrove vegetation disappeared in 1980-2005 mainly due to direct and indirect human impacts. Mangrove resilience typically manifests as regeneration of mangrove vegetation, either naturally or promoted by restoration.
The Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean region are representative of the worldwide mangrove situation. The thesis addresses five study cases in Cuba, Mexico and USA. The cases are examples illustrating mangrove resilience through natural regeneration and restoration activities. Changes in vegetation, ground altitude and inundation as well as institutional aspects of mangrove restoration are addressed.
Mangroves and wetlands of the south coast of Havana province in Cuba were studied. Across these mangroves and wetlands, a road-like freshwater barrier was built during 1985-1991 to guarantee an adequate freshwater supply for agriculture and settlements, including Havana City. The barrier is 52 km long, and slows down the flow of freshwater into the sea by retaining water landward of the barrier. Besides achieving enhanced groundwater quality and quantity, the barrier caused mangrove dieback through flooding. The assessment of mangrove resilience took advantage of an empirically supported historical perspective. First, remote sensing using satellite images of 1985 and 2001 indicated major land-cover changes related to the construction of the barrier. Second, in plots representative of those changes, vegetation and abiotic factors (e.g., water level and soil redox potential) were surveyed in 2005. The land-cover changes were concentrated landward of the barrier, e.g., a decrease in wetland forests (from 4847 to 1206 ha; mainly plantations) and increase in flooded mangroves (from 11 to 1425 ha). The access provided by the road-like barrier promoted new seaward mangrove plantations (774 ha). As expected from the analyses of the satellite images, in both the dry and the rainy season in 2005, the mean water level was higher in dammed wetlands (16 and 43 cm) than in those located seaward of the barrier (-5 and 7 cm). Also, the landward wetlands had a more negative mean soil redox potential (seasonal extremes were -240 mV and -40 mV). In contrast, the major accumulations of water landward of the barrier (i.e., highest water levels) occurred in the two sectors with the highest number and density of spillways (10 and 14 spillways, and 0.6 and 0.8 spillways per km). Resilience of the mangrove cover to the barrier-induced flooding manifests as early recovery of mangrove vegetation (mangrove cover less than 60%, trees typically smaller than 4 m), and also as advanced recovery leading to a closed forest canopy (trees 4-11 m). Recovered vegetation can progressively enhance the change from permanent to seasonal flooding. The study shows that decreasing the water level towards non-permanent flooding can prevent the establishment of vegetation. Maintaining the spillways of the barrier, however, can enhance the recovery of mangroves. Management interventions are a promising way of supporting the restoration of mangrove covers.
The study proposes a methodological approach, based on qualitative mathematical modelling (loop analysis), for improving the assessment and management of resilience of environmental systems. The approach is presented through empirical data obtained in Cuban mangroves.},

url = {https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11811/3123}
}

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