Stabilisierung der Bildlage abbildender optischer Systeme

Das Hauptaugenmerk der Betrachtungen liegt auf der passiven Bildstabilisierung, die eine Trägheitsstabilisierung darstellt. Hierfür wird ein analytisches Modell erstellt, welches das Schwingungsverhalten durch einen fremderregten gedämpften Einmassenschwinger beschreibt. Dabei erfolgt die Anregung über eine Fußpunktbewegung, die gleichzeitig über Drehfeder und Dämpfer eingeleitet wird. Die theoretischen Annahmen werden anhand von Experimenten überprüft, in deren Ergebnis die Richtigkeit der Hypothesen nachgewiesen werden konnte. Eine genaue Vorhersage des „realen“ Schwingungsverhaltens ist durch Einführen von Korrekturkoeffizienten möglich. Die bestehenden Erfahrungen im Fernrohrbau werden mit den neu gewonnenen Erkenntnissen dieser Arbeit kombiniert und fließen in die Entwicklung eines Konzeptes für ein die Bildlage stabilisierendes Doppelfernrohr mit klassischer Knickbrücke ein. Das Grundkonzept lässt sich sowohl auf eine passive wie auch eine aktive Bildstabilisierung übertragen und ermöglicht eine wirtschaftliche und zielgerichtete Entwicklung zukünftiger Produkte mit vorhersagbaren Resultaten.

This paper talks about possibilities for image stabilization in handheld terrestrial binoculars. Before working out a concept of possible solutions, it is important that the essential criteria for the assessment of image stabilization be identified. For this purpose the frequency spec-trum of motion during free-hand observations have to be analyzed. The test sample are people of different gender and age. The next step includes the choice of lenses and prisms used for the compensation of motion errors and their motion degrees of freedom in relation to the target axis. The aim is to keep aberrations caused by image stabilization at a low level. These criteria are the basis for the investigation of potential solution methods for passive and active image stabilization, as well as a combination of both which is also called hybrid stabilization. All the telescopes have an articulated joint so that both parts of the body can be rotated and adjusted to the observer’s interocular distance. This design is typical for common binoculars, but has not yet been used for image stabilizing binoculars. To do this, existing results are checked, expanded and combined with new approaches. All the following calculations and simulations, as well as ideas for the mechanical design are explained on the basis of the optical components of the binocular Zeiss Conquest 15x45 BT*. The centre of consideration is directed at the passive image stabilization, which appropriate is a stabilization of inertia. An analytical model, generated for this purpose, describes the vibration behaviour of a separately excited damped oscillator. Its stimulation is simultaneously given by means of a torsion spring and an absorber. The damping of the mechanical oscillator is done by eddy current damping, which is a kind of viscous damping. The theoretical assumptions are checked by tests that have proven the correctness of the hypotheses. A precise prediction concerning the behaviour of oscillation is possible when using coefficients for error correction. The obtained “real oscillation model” simplifies and shortens the development process of future systems for image stabilization. An adaption of the image stabilization device is also considered, which makes it possible to match the behaviour to the situation of observation. Thus the image stabilization can be switched off if objects in motion are being followed. Comprehensive consideration concerning principle arrangements of the stabilizer assemblies and their installation and adjustment without bigger errors are also made. For the implementation in a test device the duo oscillator is used, in which two independent identical stabilization assemblies are placed in a telescope housing. When doing this, a synchronous behaviour of oscillation of both stabilization assemblies can be verified resulting in a slight dynamic binocular instrumental error. The existing knowledge of the construction of telescopes is combined with the new findings of this paper and will be incorporated in the development of binoculars with image stabilization in conventional design. The basic principle can be used for both passive and active image stabilization and allows an economical and purposeful development of future products with predictable results. The presented findings lead to guide lines for the mechanical design which can be used in similar fields e.g. the oscillation damping of tactile measuring heads. Consequently the increase in knowledge can be used in further technical fields.

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