Preparations, characteristics, and applications of dimeric fullerene oxides and well-aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) arrays – both being carbon-based nanostructured materials – are reported. Directed and specific syntheses and isolations of preparative amounts of dimeric fullerene oxides using conventional laboratory methods are presented. Oxidative and thermal properties, electronic absorption properties, and electron acceptor strength of dimeric fullerene oxides are given. The application of dimeric fullerene oxides to organic photovoltaics is reported. Synthesis and electrochemical induced purification of well-aligned MWCNT arrays is presented. Capacitive and electron transfer (faradaic) properties of well-aligned MWCNT array electrodes are given. The application of well-aligned MWCNT array electrodes to non-enzymatic glucose detection is reported.