Dose-response relationships in chemical carcinogenesis: from DNA adducts to tumor incidence

Please always quote using this URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71625
  • Mechanistic possibilitles responsible for nonlinear shapes of the dose-response relationship in chemical carcinogenesis are discussed. (i) Induction and saturation of enzymatic activation and detoxification processes and of DNA repair affect the relationship between dose and steady-state DNA adduct Ievel; (ii) The fixation of DNA adducts in the form of mutations is accelerated by stimulation of the cell division, for Jnstance due to regenerative hyperplasia at cytotoxic dose Ievels; (iii) The rate of tumor formation results from a superpositionMechanistic possibilitles responsible for nonlinear shapes of the dose-response relationship in chemical carcinogenesis are discussed. (i) Induction and saturation of enzymatic activation and detoxification processes and of DNA repair affect the relationship between dose and steady-state DNA adduct Ievel; (ii) The fixation of DNA adducts in the form of mutations is accelerated by stimulation of the cell division, for Jnstance due to regenerative hyperplasia at cytotoxic dose Ievels; (iii) The rate of tumor formation results from a superposition of the rates of the individual steps. It can become exponential with dose if more than one step is accelerated by the DNA damage exerted by the genotoxic carcinogen. The strongly sigmoidal shapes often observed for dose-tumor incidence relationships in animal bioassays supports this analysis. A power of four for the dose in the su~linear part of the curve is the maximum observed (formaldehyde). In contrast to animal experiments, epidemiological data ln humans rarely show a slgnificant deviation from linearity. The discrepancy might be explained by the fact that a I arge nu mber of genes contribute to the overall sensitivity of an individual and to the respective heterogeneity within the human population. Mechanistic nonlinearities are flattened out in the presence of genetic and life-style factors which affect the sensitivity for the development of cancer. For a risk assessment, linear extrapolation from the high-dose lncidence to the spontaneaus rate can therefore be approprlate in a heterogeneous population even if the mechanism of action would result in a nonlinear shape of the dose-response curve in a homogeneaus population.show moreshow less

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Metadaten
Author: Werner K. Lutz
URN:urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71625
Document Type:Book article / Book chapter
Faculties:Medizinische Fakultät / Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie
Language:English
Year of Completion:1991
Source:In: Biological reactive intermediates : 4. Molecular and cellular effects and their impact on human health / ed. Robert Snyder. - New York [u.a.]: Plenum Press, 1991. - S. 151-156. - (Advances in experimental medicine and biology ; 283). - ISBN 0-306-43737-6
Dewey Decimal Classification:6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / 61 Medizin und Gesundheit / 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Tag:2-acetylaminofluorene; DNA; adduct; aflatoxin B1; binding; carcinogen; covalent; dose; extrapolation; heterogeneous population; individual; risk; susceptibility; tumour
Release Date:2014/05/21
Licence (German):License LogoDeutsches Urheberrecht