B Chromosomes and Sex in Animals

Please always quote using this URN: urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196321
  • Supernumerary (B) chromosomes are dispensable elements found in many eukaryote genomes in addition to standard (A) chromosomes. In many respects, B chromosomes resemble sex chromosomes, so that a common ancestry for them has frequently been suggested. For instance, B chromosomes in grasshoppers, and other insects, show a pycnotic cycle of condensation-decondensation during meiosis remarkably similar to that of the X chromosome. In some cases, B chromosome size is even very similar to that of the X chromosome. These resemblances have led toSupernumerary (B) chromosomes are dispensable elements found in many eukaryote genomes in addition to standard (A) chromosomes. In many respects, B chromosomes resemble sex chromosomes, so that a common ancestry for them has frequently been suggested. For instance, B chromosomes in grasshoppers, and other insects, show a pycnotic cycle of condensation-decondensation during meiosis remarkably similar to that of the X chromosome. In some cases, B chromosome size is even very similar to that of the X chromosome. These resemblances have led to suggest the X as the B ancestor in many cases. In addition, sex chromosome origin from B chromosomes has also been suggested. In this article, we review the existing evidence for both evolutionary pathways, as well as sex differences for B frequency at adult and embryo progeny levels, B chromosome effects or B chromosome transmission. In addition, we review cases found in the literature showing sex-ratio distortion associated with B chromosome presence, the most extreme case being the paternal sex ratio (PSR) chromosomes in some Hymenoptera. We finally analyse the possibility of B chromosome regularisation within the host genome and, as a consequence of it, whether B chromosomes can become regular members of the host genome.show moreshow less

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Metadaten
Author: J.P.M. Camacho, M. Schmid, J. Cabrero
URN:urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196321
Document Type:Journal article
Faculties:Medizinische Fakultät / Institut für Humangenetik
Language:English
Parent Title (English):Sexual Development
ISSN:1661-5425
ISSN:1661-5433
Year of Completion:2011
Volume:5
Issue:3
Pagenumber:155-166
Source:Sexual Development 2011;58(3):155–166. DOI: 10.1159/000324930
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1159/000324930
Pubmed Id:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21430369
Dewey Decimal Classification:6 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften / 61 Medizin und Gesundheit / 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Tag:A chromosomes; B chromosomes; X chromosome; sex ratio
Release Date:2021/08/20
Date of first Publication:2011/03/23
Note:
This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
Licence (German):License LogoDeutsches Urheberrecht