The goal of the present Research Topic is to provide a forum where research groups, investigating teaching and teachers from multiple perspectives involving multidisciplinary (i.e., different disciplines working on different aspects of a problem independently within their disciplinary boundaries), interdisciplinary (i.e., restructuring and integrating existing disciplinary approaches to address problems relevant for all participating disciplines) and ideally transdisciplinary (i.e., seeking to integrate different lines of work from contributing disciplines to create new approaches or even new scientific disciplines) approaches (Klein, 2017; Hall et al., 2018), can present and discuss the opportunities and challenges of such endeavors. The articles published in the Research Topic can be broadly classified into three categories: Conceptual reviews of transdisciplinary research on teaching and teachers, the results of transdisciplinary research projects, and methodological challenges and innovations related to transdisciplinary cooperation.