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Evaluation of immunostimulatory and immunotherapeutic effects of tropical mushroom (Lentinus edodes) against eimeriasis in chicken

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Abstract

Mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) were processed for hot water (HWE), methanolic (ME), and polysaccharide (PSE) extracts. Polysaccharides were isolated through ion exchange (DEAE cellulose) and size exclusion (Sephadex G-100) chromatography. Monosaccharides including maltose (0.282%), glucose (0.113%), and mannose (0.451%) were identified, qualitatively and quantitatively, from the isolated polysaccharides through high-performance liquid chromatography. The whole study was divided into two experiments. Experiment 1 was meant for the evaluation of HWE and ME; whereas, experiment 2 was meant for the evaluation of PSE for immunostimulatory and immunotherapeutic activities. The cellular and humoral immune responses were demonstrated through lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) and anti-body response to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), respectively. The immunotherapeutic effects of these extracts were demonstrated against eimeriasis in terms of lesion scoring, oocysts per gram of droppings, and percent protection. Cell-mediated immune responses observed at 24, 48, and 72 h post-PHA-P injection were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in chickens administered with any of the three extracts (PSE, ME, and HWE), when compared with the controls. Humoral immune response in terms of anti-SRBCs anti-body titers was also observed higher in chickens administered with mushroom extracts. In the challenge experiment, significantly higher (P < 0.05) OPG and lesion scores were observed in controls as compared to the groups administered with mushroom extracts (HWE, ME, and PSE). Significantly higher (P < 0.05) percent protection against eimeriasis was observed in all groups administered with different extracts of L. edodes as compared to controls. In conclusion, L. edodes extracts showed immunostimulatory potential which persisted against eimeriasis in chicken.

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Acknowledgements

Funds for this project were sponsored by Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan, under the scheme of PhD indigenous scholarship Batch V already enrolled PhDs Pin No. 085-12327-Av5-22.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Masood Akhtar, Mian Muhammad Awais & Muhammad Irfan Anwar

  2. Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Irfan Ullah & Masood Akhtar

  3. Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Kashfa Khaliq

Authors
  1. Muhammad Irfan Ullah
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  2. Masood Akhtar
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  3. Mian Muhammad Awais
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  4. Muhammad Irfan Anwar
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  5. Kashfa Khaliq
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Correspondence to Muhammad Irfan Ullah.

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All procedures in animal experimentation were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of institutional animal care and use committee after approval from advance studies research board University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Ullah, M.I., Akhtar, M., Awais, M.M. et al. Evaluation of immunostimulatory and immunotherapeutic effects of tropical mushroom (Lentinus edodes) against eimeriasis in chicken. Trop Anim Health Prod 50, 97–104 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-017-1407-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-017-1407-4

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