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A Review on Biodegradable Polymeric Materials Striving Towards the Attainment of Green Environment

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Abstract

Polymers are a chain of repeating monomers that can be either non-biodegradable or biodegradable with technical properties for a wide range of applications. The present scenario drives industries to develop new and eco-friendly materials to replace non-biodegradable materials to attain a clean and green environment. Significant research work has been carried out on the development of biocomposites based on biodegradable polymers and natural fibers. The review article addresses the wide range of biodegradable composites that are capable of undergoing degradation by various routes. Our main emphasis has been on the preparation and characterization of biocomposites, using various biodegradable polymers and natural fibers for wide applications like biomedical, packaging, aerospace, agriculture etc. It is clear that blending of reinforcing fibers and fillers with biodegradable polymers significantly enhanced the physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, thermal and biodegradation properties of the base matrix.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

ATR:

Attenuated total reflectance

A:

Agarose

Alg:

Alginate fiber

BMSC:

Bone marrow stromal cells

BMP-2:

Bone morphogenetic protein-2

BG:

Bioactive glass

BF:

Bamboo fiber

CA:

Cellulose acetate

CaP:

Calcium phosphate

CC:

Calcium carbonate

CMC:

Carboxyl methyl cellulose

CBC:

Carpet backing cloth

CGM:

Corn gluten meal

CF:

Carbon fiber

CNC:

Cellulose nanocrystals

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimeter

DMA:

Dynamic mechanical analysis

DDGS:

Distillers dried grains

D.I.:

Deionized

EDX:

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

ESM:

Equivalent section method

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectra

FLEC:

Field and emission cell

FWSP:

Fish water soluble protein

GPC:

Gel permeation chromatography

G:

Gelatin

GAG:

Glycosaminoglycan

GPa:

Gigapascal

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

HAp:

Hydroxyapatite

HV:

Hydroxyvalerate

HC:

Hessian cloth

HA-CS:

High-amylose corn starch

HDPE:

High density polyethylene

IGF-1:

Insulin like growth factor-1

LDI:

Lysine based diisocyanate

LDPE:

Low density polyethylene

LLDPE:

Linear low density polyethylene

m-CT:

Micro-computed tomography

MIP:

Mercury intrusion porosimetry

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

MBF:

Micro/nano-sized bamboo fiber

MC:

Microcrystalline cellulose

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotube

MPa:

Megapascal

MFC:

Micro fibrillated cellulose

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

N/mm2 :

Newton per square millimeter

OPF:

Oligo (poly (ethylene glycol) fumarate)

PAN:

Polyacrylonitrile

PBAT:

Polybutyleneadipate-co-terephthalate

PBS:

Polybutylene succinate

PLGA:

Polylactide-co-glycolide

PLLA:

Poly-L-lactic acid

PU:

polyurethane

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

PDLLA:

Poly (D,L-lactide)

PEA:

Polyesteramide

PCL:

Polycaprolactone

P(CL/DL-LA):

Poly (ε-caprolactone-co-DL-lactide)

PHB:

Polyhydroxybutyrate

PLA:

Polylactic acid

PEG:

Poly (ethylene glycol)

PPF:

Poly (propylene furnarate)

PHBV:

Poly (hydroxyabutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)

PGA:

Polyglycolic acid

PGSC:

Polyglycerol-sebacate-citrate

PES:

Polyethylene sebacate

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

PBSA:

Poly (butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate)

PPy:

Polypyrrole

POE:

Poly (oxyethylene)

PEO:

Polyethyleneoxide

PHV:

polyhydroxyvalerate

PCM:

Phase change materials

P3HB4HB:

Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)

PES:

Poly (ethylene sebacate)

PAE:

Polyamide-amine-epichlorohydrin

PMDI:

Polymeric methylene diphenyldiisocyanate

PP:

Polypropylene

PS:

Polystyrene

PA:

Phthalic anhydride

PPC:

Poly (propylene carbonate)

PALS:

Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy

POM:

Polarized optical microscopy

RCF:

Recycled carbon fiber

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SBF:

Simulated body fluid

SPC:

Soy protein concentration

S-g-PMA:

Starch-g-poly (methyl acrylate)

SPB:

Saline phosphate buffer

SRC:

Self-reinforced composites

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

Tg:

Glass transition temperature

TPS:

Thermoplastic pea starch

TPO:

Thermoplastic olefins

TVOC:

Total volatile organic compound

TE:

Thermal extract

UV–Vis:

Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy

WVTR:

Water vapor transmission rate

WVP:

Water vapor permeability

wt:

weight

WPC:

Wood polymer composites

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Xc:

Crystallinity

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, 638052, Tamil Nadu, India

    D. Jayanth & R. Rajasekar

  2. Department of Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India

    P. Sathish Kumar & Samir Kumar Pal

  3. Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India

    Ganesh Chandra Nayak

  4. Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    J. Saravana Kumar

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  2. P. Sathish Kumar
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  3. Ganesh Chandra Nayak
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  4. J. Saravana Kumar
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  5. Samir Kumar Pal
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  6. R. Rajasekar
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Correspondence to R. Rajasekar.

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Jayanth, D., Kumar, P.S., Nayak, G.C. et al. A Review on Biodegradable Polymeric Materials Striving Towards the Attainment of Green Environment. J Polym Environ 26, 838–865 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-0985-6

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