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Résistance aux antibiotiques et mécanismes d’action des huiles essentielles contre les bactéries

Resistance to antibiotics and mechanisms of action of essential oils against bacteria

  • Pharmacologie
  • Published:
Phytothérapie

Résumé

L’augmentation de la résistance des bactéries aux antibiotiques est un problème mondial sérieux qui a orienté la recherche pour l’identification de nouvelles biomolécules avec une large activité antibactérienne. Les plantes et leurs dérivés, tels que les huiles essentielles (HE), sont souvent utilisés dans la médecine populaire. Dans la nature, les HE jouent un rôle important dans la protection des plantes. Elles contiennent une grande variété de métabolites secondaires capables d’inhiber ou de ralentir la croissance des bactéries. Les HE et leurs constituants ont des mécanismes d’action variés et très ciblés, touchant en particulier la membrane cellulaire et le cytoplasme, et dans certains cas, changeant complètement la morphologie cellulaire, voire l’expression des gènes. Dans cette brève revue, nous décrivons les mécanismes de résistance des bactéries aux antibiotiques et les modalités d’action antibactérienne des HE.

Abstract

The increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a serious worldwide problem which prompts researches to identify new biomolecules with a wide antibacterial activity. Plants and their derivatives, such as essential oils (EOs), are often used in folk medicine. In nature, EOs play an important role in the protection of plants. They contain a wide variety of secondary metabolites that are capable of inhibiting or slowing the growth of bacteria. EOs and their components perform a variety of mechanisms targeting different pathways, in particular on the cell membrane and the cytoplasm, and in some cases, completely modifying cell morphology and gene expression. In this brief review, we describe bacterial resistance mechanisms and the mechanisms of action of EOs against pathogenic bacteria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de biochimie-immunologie, département de biologie, faculté des sciences, université Mohammed-V, Rabat, Maroc

    A. Bouyahya, Y. Bakri, A. Et-Touys, A. Talbaoui, A. Khouchlaa & N. Dakka

  2. Laboratoire de biologie et santé, faculté des sciences, université Abdelmalek-Essaadi, Tétouan, Maroc

    A. Bouyahya, S. Charfi & J. Abrini

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  1. A. Bouyahya
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  2. Y. Bakri
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  3. A. Et-Touys
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Correspondence to A. Bouyahya.

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Bouyahya, A., Bakri, Y., Et-Touys, A. et al. Résistance aux antibiotiques et mécanismes d’action des huiles essentielles contre les bactéries. Phytothérapie (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10298-017-1118-z

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