Skip to main content
Log in

Methods for the determination of local anesthetic agents

  • Reviews
  • Published:
Journal of Analytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The main methods for the determination of local anesthetics are considered, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. After the systematization of published data, it was established that the greatest number of works were devoted to the determination of novocaine, lidocaine, and ultracaine; therefore, methods for their determination are considered separately. It was demonstrated that the extraction and sorption preconcentration of local anesthetics as ion associates with chromogenic organic reagents is promising. It was substantiated that the development of combined rapid and sensitive extraction-photometric, sorptionspectroscopic, and colorimetric methods for the determination of novocaine, lidocaine, and ultracaine with chromogenic organic reagents in different test materials is a problem of considerable current interest.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Satoskar, R.S. and Bhandarkar, S.D., Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1969, vol. 1.

  2. Melent’eva, G.A. and Antonova, L.A., Farmatsevticheskaya khimiya (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), Moscow: Meditsina, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Farmakologiya (Pharmacology), Alyautdin, R.N., Ed., Moscow: GEOTAR-MED, 2004.

  4. Kharkevich, D.A., Farmakologiya (Pharmacology), Moscow: Meditsina, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Mashkovskii, M.D., Lekarstvennye sredstva (Pharmaceutical Preparations), Moscow: Novaya Volna, 2002, vol. 1.

  6. Preobrazhenskii, N.A. and Genkin, E.I., Khimiya organicheskikh lekarstvennykh veshchestv (Chemistry of Organic Medicinal Substances); Part I: Geterotsiklicheskie soedineniya i ikh analogi (Heterocyclic Compounds and Their Analogues), Moscow: Goskhimizdat, 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Glushchenko, N.N., Farmatsevticheskaya khimiya (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), Moscow: Akademiya, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Albert, A., Selective Toxicity: The Physico-Chemical Basis of Therapy, London: Chapman and Hall, 1973, vol. 1.

  9. Kholodov, L.E., Glezer, M.G., and Makharadze, R.V., Farmakokinetika, farmakodinamika i biofarmatsiya antiaritmicheskikh preparatov (Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Biopharmacy of Anti-Arrhythmic Preparations), Tbilisi: Ganatleba, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Granik, V.G., Osnovy meditsinskoi khimii (Fundamentals of Medicinal Chemistry), Moscow: Vuzovskaya kniga, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sinyukhin, V.N., Berezin, F.V., Pervushin, A.I., and Mirtskhulava, A.Sh., in Sb. statei II Vsesoyuzn. nauch. konf. po farmakokinetike “Farmakokineticheskie issledovaniya pri sozdanii i primenenii lekarstvennykh sredstv” (Collection of Papers II All-Union Sci. Conf. on Pharmacokinetics “Pharmacokinetic Studies in the Development and Application of Pharmaceutical Preparations”), Kaunas, 1987, part 2, p. 487.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Analiz narkoticheskikh sredstv. Rukovodstvo po khimiko-toksikologicheskomu analizu narkoticheskikh i drugikh odurmanivayushchikh sredstv (Analysis of Narcotics: Guidelines for Chemical and Toxicological Analysis of Narcotics and Other Intoxicating Substances) Izotov, B.N., Ed., Moscow: Mysl’, 1993.

  13. Rozenblit, A.B. and Golender, V.E., Logiko-kombinatornye metody v konstruirovanii lekarstv (Logic-Combinatorial Methods in the Design of Medicinals), Riga: Zinatne, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cherkasova, E.M., Pryanishnikova, N.T., Bogatkov, S.V., and Erkomaishvili, G.S., Russ. Chem. Rev., 1973, vol. 42, no. 10, p. 876.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ratsional’naya farmakoanesteziologiya. Rukovodstvo dlya praktikuyushchikh vrachei (Rational Pharmacological Anesthesiology: Guidance for Medical Practitioners) Bunyatyan, A.A. and Mizikov, V.M., Eds., Moscow: Litterra, 2006.

  16. Hirtz, J., Les Methodes Analytiques dans les Recherches sur le Metabolisme des Medicaments (Analytical Methods in the Research on the Metabolism of Medicinals), Paris: Masson, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Farmakodinamika sovremennykh lekarstvennykh sredstv, primenyaemykh v klinicheskoi anesteziologii i reanimatologii: Sb. nauch. tr. Khar’k. med. inst. (Pharmacodynamics of Modern Pharmaceuticals Used in Clinical Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine: Collection of Scientific Papers of the Kharkovsk. Med. Inst.), Obolentsev, N.I., Ed., Kharkov: Kharkovsk. Med. Inst., 1988.

  18. Belousov, Yu.B. and Gurevich, K.G., Klinicheskaya farmakokinetika. Praktika dozirovaniya lekarstv (Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Practice of Dosage of Medicines), Moscow: Litterra, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Meyler’s Side Effects of Drugs: An Encyclopedia of Adverse Reactions and Interactions, Dukes, M.N.G., Ed., Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1980, 9th ed.

  20. British Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia Commission Office, 2009.

  21. European Pharmacopoeia 6.0, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, 2007.

  22. Japanese Pharmacopoeia 15, The National Institute of Health Sciences, 2006.

  23. Belikov, V.G., Farmatsevticheskaya Khimiya: uchebnoe posobie dlya studentov farmatsevticheskikh vuzov i farmatsevticheskikh fakul’tetov (Pharmaceutical Chemistry: Textbook for Students of Pharmaceutical Universities and Pharmaceutical Faculties), Pyatigorsk: Pyatigorsk. Gos. Farm. Akad., 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Pogodina, L.I., Analiz mnogokomponentnykh lekarstvennykh form: uchebnoe posobie dlya fakul’tetov usovershenstvovaniya provizorov (Analysis of Multicomponent Dosage Forms: a Manual for Pharmacists Improvement Faculties), Minsk: Vysshaya Shkola, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Slivkin, A.I., Selemenev, V.F., and Sukhoverkhova, E.A., Fiziko-khimicheskie metody otsenki kachestva lekarstvennykh sredstv (Physical and Chemical Methods of Assessing the Quality of Medicines), Voronezh: Voronezh. Gos. Univ., 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Fialkov, Ya.A., Metody issledovaniya lekarstvennykh veshchestv (Methods of Study of Pharmaceutical Preparations), Moscow: Medgiz, 1946.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Maksyutina, N.P., Kagan, F.E., and Kirichenko, L.A., Metody analiza lekarstv (Methods of Analysis of Medicines), Kiev: Zdorov’ya, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Perel’man, Ya.M., Analiz lekarstvennykh form. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo (Analysis of Dosage Forms: Practical Guide), Leningrad: Medgiz, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kuleshova, M.I., Guseva, L.N., and Savitskaya, O.K., Posobie po kachestvennomu analizu lekarstv (Manual for Qualitative Analysis of Medicines), Moscow: Meditsina, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Pohloudek-Fabini, R. and Beyrich, Th., Organische Analyse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Arzneistoffen (Organic Analysis in Consideration of Medicinal Substances), Leipzig: Akademische, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Babich, S.Kh., Zh. Anal. Khim., 1951, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 234.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Korenman, I.M., Fotometricheskii analiz. Metody opredeleniya organicheskikh soedinenii (Photometric Analysis: Methods for Determination of Organic Compounds), Moscow: Khimiya, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ivakhnenko, P.N., Lyasheva, N.N., and Kushnir, T.Yu., Zh. Anal. Khim., 1980, vol. 35, no. 2, p. 353.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Gusakova, N.N., Teoreticheskie i prikladnye aspekty primeneniya v fotometricheskom analize sistem pervichnye aromaticheskie aminy-aromaticheskie al’degidy-a-PAV (Theoretical and Applied Aspects of the Application of the Systems of Primary Aromatic Amines–Aromatic Aldehydes–a-Surfactants in Photometric Analysis), Saratov: Saratovsk. Agr. Univ., 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Gosudarstvennaya farmakopeya Rossiiskoi Federatsii (State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation), Moscow, 2010, 12th ed., part 2, p. 480.

  36. Kramarenko, V.F. and Popova, V.I., Fotometriya v farmatsevticheskom analize (Photometry in Pharmaceutical Analysis), Kiev: Zdorov’ya, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Maksyutina, N.P., Kagan, F.E., and Mitchenko, F.A., Analiz farmatsevticheskikh preparatov i lekarstvennykh form (Analysis of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Dosage Forms), Kiev: Zdorov’ya, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Belikov, V.G., Ross. Khim. Zh., 2002, vol. 46, no. 4, p. 52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Dement’eva, N.N., in Nauch. tr. Vsesoyuzn. Nauch.-Issled. Inst. Farmatsii. Sovremennye metody analiza farmatsevticheskikh preparatov (Proc. Res. Inst. Pharmacy: Modern Methods of Analysis of Pharmaceuticals), Moscow, 1988, vol. 26, p. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kuznetsov, V.I., Khimicheskie osnovy ekstraktsionnofotometricheskogo analiza (Chemical Basis of Extraction-Photometric Analysis), Moscow: Goskhimizdat, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Blyum, I.A., Ekstraktsionno-fotometricheskie metody analiza s primeneniem osnovnykh krasitelei (Extraction-Photometric Methods of Analysis Using Basic Dyes), Moscow: Nauka, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Rojas, F.S., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2009, vol. 635, p. 22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Kharkevich, A.A., Spektry i analiz (Spectra and Analysis), Moscow: Fizmatgiz, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Arzamastsev, A.P., Sadchikova, N.P., and Titova, A.V., Pharm. Chem. J., 2008, vol. 42, no. 8, p. 466.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kartashov, V.S., Vopr. Biol., Med. Farm. Khim., 2007, no. 2, p. 18.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Anisimova, O.S., Linberg, L.F., and Sheinker, Yu.N., Mass-spektrometriya v issledovanii metabolizma lekarstvennykh preparatov (Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Metabolism of Pharmaceutical Preparations), Moscow: Meditsina, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Klyuev, N.A., J. Anal. Chem., 2002, vol. 57, no. 6, p. 462.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Miskidzh’yan, S.P. and Krachenyuk, L.P., Polyarografiya lekarstvennykh preparatov (Polarography of Pharmaceutical Preparations), Kiev: Vysshaya Shkola, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Budnikov, G.K., J. Anal. Chem., 2000, vol. 55, no. 11, p. 1014.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kharitonov, S.V., Russ. Chem. Rev., 2007, vol. 76, no. 4, p. 361.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Evgen’ev, M.I., Garmonov, S.Yu., and Shakirova, L.Sh., J. Anal. Chem., 2001, vol. 56, no. 4, p. 313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Silvestre, C.I.C., Santos, J.L.M., Lima Jose, L.F.C., and Zagatto, E.A.G., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2009, vol. 652, p. 54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Redchenkova, V.N. and Khishova, O.M., Pharm. Chem. J., 2006, vol. 40, no. 1, p. 40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Arzamastsev, A.P., Chumburidze, B.I., and Chichiro, V.E., in Khromatograficheskie metody v farmatsii (Chromatographic Methods in Pharmacy), Tbilisi, 1977, p. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Bulanova, A.V. and Polyakova, Yu.L., Khromatografiya v meditsine i biologii: uchebnoe posobie (Chromatography in Medicine and Biology: Manual), Samara: Samarsk. Gos. Univ., 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Golubitskii, G.B., Doctoral (Chem.) Dissertation, Kursk: Kursk State Univ., 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Golubitskii, G.B., Budko, E.V., Basova, E.M., Kostarnoi, A.V., and Ivanov, V.M., J. Anal. Chem., 2007, vol. 62, no. 2, p. 152.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Shatts, V.D. and Sakhartova, O.V., Vysokoeffektivnaya zhidkostnaya khromatografiya: Osnovy teorii. Metodologiya. Primenenie v lekarstvennoi khimii (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Basic Theory, Methodology, and Application in Medicinal Chemistry), Riga: Zinatne, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Epshtein, N.V. and Emshanova, S.V., Pharm. Chem. J., 2008, vol. 42, no. 11, p. 637.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Knizhnik, A.Z., in Materialy simpoziuma “Khromatografich. metody v farmatsii” (Proc. Symp on Chromatographic Methods in Pharmacy), Tbilisi, 1977, p. 31.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Papirova Chromatografie (Paper Chromatography), Hais, J. and Macek, K., Eds., Praque, 1959.

  62. Chromatografia na tenkych vrstvachvo farmacil a v klinickej biochemii (Thin Layer Chromatography in Pharmacy and in Clinical Biochemistry), Sarsunova, M., Schwarz, V., and Michalec, C., Eds., Bratislava: Osveta, 1977.

  63. Morzunova, T.G., Pharm. Chem. J., 2006, vol. 40, no. 3, p. 158.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Egorov, A.M., Osipov, A.P., Dzantiev, B.B., and Gavrilova, E.M., Teoriya i praktika immunofermentnogo analiza (Theory and Practice of Enzyme Immunoassay), Moscow: Vysshaya Shkola, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, Tietz, N.W., Ed., Philadelphia: Saunders, 1983.

  66. Budnikov, G.K., Medyantseva, E.I., and Babkina, S.S., Russ. Chem. Rev., 1991, vol. 60, no. 4, p. 435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Tzanavaras, P.D. and Themelis, D.G., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2007, vol. 588, no. 2, p. 1.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Gur’ev, I.A., Zyuzina, L.F., and Shabarin, A.A., J. Anal. Chem., 1998, vol. 53, no. 10, p. 956.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Zaitseva, R.M., Vopr. Farm., 1956, no. 1, p. 29.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Tulegenova, A.U., Vopr. Farm., 1988, no. 1, p. 68.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Sichko, A.I. and Sidel’gova, V.I., in Mater. Ukr. Resp. nauch. konf. “Aktual’nye voprosy poiska i tekhnologii lekarstv” (Proc. Ukrain. Republ. Sci. Conf. on Recent Research Problems and Technology of Pharmaceuticals), 1981, p. 68.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Gusakova, N.N., Chernova, R.K., Borisova, G.M., and Mas’ko, L.I., in Sb. nauch. tr. “Ostrye i khronicheskie intoksikatsii chuzherodnymi organicheskimi soedineniyami” (Collection of Papers on Acute and Chronic Intoxication with Foreign Organic Compounds), Saratov, 1989, p. 71.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Chernova, R.K., Gusakova, N.N., Borisova, G.M., Podzorova, T.N., and Legoshina, S.G., in Sb. nauch. tr. “Ekologicheskie problemy Volgi” (Collection of Papers on Ecological Problems of Volga River), Saratov, 1989, p. 128.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Chernova, R.K., Bender, K.I., Gusakova, N.N., Kharitonova, O.M., and Mas’ko, L.I., Abstracts of Papers, Vsesoyuz. konf. “Organicheskie reagenty v analiticheskoi khimii” (All-Union Conf. on Organic Reagents in Analytical Chemistry), Saratov, 1989, part 2, p. 101.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Popov, D.M. and Litvin, A.A., Pharm. Chem. J., 1980, vol. 14, no. 10, p. 744.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Dement’eva, N.N. and Kuleshova, M.I., Farmatsiya, 1970, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Kvach, A.S. and Aleksandrova, V.L., Aktual. Vopr. Poiska Tekhnol. Lekarstv. Sredstv, 1981, no. 3, p. 56.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Vorob’ev, D.B., Vishnyakov, V.V., Purygin, P.P., and Potapova, I.A., Vestn. Samarsk. Gos. Univ., 2005, vol. 39, no. 5, p. 163.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Ivakhtenko, P.N., Lyasheva, N.N., Kilyakova, G.M., Kruglyak, I.V., Serbina, L.V., Chigarenko, L.S., and Dorofeenko, G.N., Pharm. Chem. J., 1979, vol. 13, no. 10, p. 1083.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Loginova, L.P. and Nesterenko, O.Yu., Visn. Khark. Nats. Univ. im. V. N. Karazina, Ser. Khim., 2006, vol. 37, no. 14, p. 112.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Loginova, L.P. and Nesterenko, O.Yu., Visn. Khark. Nats. Univ. im. V. N. Karazina, Ser. Khim., 2006, vol. 37, no. 14, p. 1423.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Loginova, L.P. and Konovalova, O.Yu., Talanta, 2008, vol. 77, no. 2, p. 915.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Pankratov, A.N., Uchaeva, I.M., Doronin, S.Yu., and Chernova, R.K., J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 2001, vol. 66, no. 3, p. 161.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Doronin, S.Yu., Chernova, R.K., and Gusakova, N.N., J. Anal. Chem., 2004, vol. 59, no. 4, p. 335.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Doronin, S.Yu., Chernova, R.K., and Gusakova, N.N., Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Khim. Khim. Tekhnol., 2004, vol. 47, no. 2, p. 55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Doronin, S.Yu., Chernova, R.K., and Gusakova, N.N., J. Anal. Chem., 2005, vol. 60, no. 5, p. 412.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Zevakin, M.A., Sharnin, V.A., Dushina, S.V., and Kurysheva, A.S., Khim. Komp’yut. Model., 2002, no. 8, p. 55.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Burmistrov, S.I., Zh. Anal. Khim., 1946, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 265.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Degterev, E.V., Ross. Khim. Zh., 2002, vol. 46, no. 4, p. 43.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Stadinchuk, E.N. and Zinchuk, V.K., Zavod. Lab., Diagn. Mater., 1998, vol. 64, no. 9, p. 16.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Evgen’ev, M.I., Garmonov, S.Yu., Shakirova, L.Sh., and Brysaev, A.S., Pharm. Chem. J., 1999, vol. 33, no. 5, p. 278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Evgen’ev, M.I., Garmonov, S.Yu., and Shakirova, L.Sh., J. Anal. Chem., 2001, vol. 56, no. 6, p. 572.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Garmonov, S.Yu., Shakirova, L.Sh., and Evgen’ev, M.I., in Mater. Povolzhskoi reg. konf., posvyashchennoi 80-letiyu A.A. Popelya, “Fiziko-khimicheskie metody v koordinatsionnoi i analiticheskoi khimii” (Proc. Volga Region Reg. Conf., Dedicated to the 80th Anniversary of A.A. Popel, “Physicochemical Methods of Coordination and Analytical Chemistry”), Ulakhovich, N.A. and Zakharov, A.V., Eds., Kazan, 1999, p. 95.

  94. Wintersteiger, R. and Gubitz, G., Mikrochim. Acta, 1979, vol. 2, nos. 3–4, p. 234.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Thomis, G.N. and Kotionis, A.Z., Anal. Chim. Acta, 1956, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 457.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Adamova, E.M., Cand. Sci. (Chem.) Dissertation, Moscow: Moscow State Univ., 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Adamova, E.M. and Chernova, R.K., Izv. Saratovsk. Univ., Ser. Khim., 2007, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 7

    Google Scholar 

  98. Ivanov, V.M., Adamova, E.M., and Figurovskaya, V.N., J. Anal. Chem., 2010, vol. 65, no. 5, p. 473.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Ivanov, V.M., Adamova, E.M., and Figurovskaya, V.N., J. Anal. Chem., 2010, vol. 65, no. 9, p. 912.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Ivanov, V.M., Adamova, E.M., and Figurovskaya, V.N., J. Anal. Chem., 2012, vol. 67, no. 5, p. 429.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Chernova, R.K., Barinova, O.V., Kulapina, E.G., and Materova, E.A., Zh. Anal. Khim., 1995, vol. 50, no. 7, p. 774.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Kulapina, E.G. and Barinova, O.V., J. Anal. Chem., 2001, vol. 56, no. 5, p. 457.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Netesina, I.P., Tkach, V.I., Tsyganok, L.P., Kopytin, A.V., and Politov, Yu.A., Zh. Anal. Khim., 1992, vol. 47, no. 4, p. 710.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Gur’ev, I.A., Zyuzina, L.F., and Shabarin, A.A., J. Anal. Chem., 1998, vol. 53, no. 10, p. 956.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Polumestnaya, K.A., Parshina, A.V., Bobreshova, O.V., and Yankina, K.Yu., Sorbtsionnye Khromatogr. Protsessy, 2010, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 643.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Polumestnaya, K.A., Parshina, A.V., Bobreshova, O.V., and Yankina, K.Yu., Sorbtsionnye Khromatogr. Protsessy, 2008, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 948.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Abdullin, I.F., Chernysheva, N.N., and Budnikov, G.K., J. Anal. Chem., 2002, vol. 57, no. 7, p. 629.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Sadykov, Z.K. and Ikramov, L.T., in Sb. nauch. tr. I Tashkentsk. Med. Inst. (Collection of Papers of Tashkent Med. Inst.), Tashkent: Tashkentsk. Med. Inst., 1991, p. 84.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Bogdanova, V.N., Slanskii, V.E., and Laipanov, A.Kh., Abstracts of Papers, Respubl. nauch. konf. “Realizatsiya nauchnykh dostizhenii v prakticheskoi farmatsii” (Republ. Scie. Conf. on Implementation of Scientific Achievements in the Practice of Pharmacy), Kharkov, 1991, p. 151.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Atay, O. and Oztop, F., Anal. Lett., 1997, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 565.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Laipanov, A.Kh. and Slanskii, V.E., Khim.-Farm. Zh., 1991, vol. 25, no. 6, p. 75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Laipanov, A.Kh. and Slanskii, V.E., Farmatsiya, 1991, vol. 40, no. 1, p. 28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Voshchinina, N.A., Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Pharm.) Dissertation, Kursk, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Chen, Y.H., Tian, F.S., and Song, M.P., J. Anal. Chem., 2009, vol. 64, no. 4, p. 366.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Tashpulatov, A.Yu. and Sadykov, Z.K., in Sb. nauch. tr. “Khimiya, tekhnologiya i farmakologiya fiziologicheski aktivnykh veshchestv” (Collection of Papers on Chemistry, Technology, and Pharmacology of Physiologically Active Substances), Tashkent: Tashkentsk. Med. Inst., 1988, p. 89.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Karpenko, Yu.N., Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Pharm.) Dissertation, Perm, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Stavchansky, S., Eghbali, B., and Geary, R., Anal. Lett., 1987, vol. 20, no. 5, p. 821.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Smith, F.M. and Nuessle, N.O., Anal. Lett., 1981, vol. 14, no. 8, p. 567.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Dincel, A. and Basci, N.E., Chromatographia, 2007, vol. 66, p. 81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Cox, S.K., Hammer, T., and Barges, J., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2005, vol. 37, no. 4, p. 801.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Gallego, J.M. and Perez, A.J., Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2002, vol. 374, no. 1, p. 282.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Wiberg, K. and Jacobson, S.P., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2004, vol. 514, p. 203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Rogova, N.V., Kuznetsova, K.A., Smirnova, L.A., and Ozerov, A.A., Vestn. Volzhsk. Gos. Med. Univ., 2007, vol. 23, no. 3, p. 43.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Giahi, M., Pournaghdy, M., and Rakhshaee, R., J. Anal. Chem., 2009, vol. 64, no. 2, p. 195.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Evtukhova, E.N. and Pashkova, L.V., Med. Obrazov. Sibiri, 2007, no. 3, p. 19.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Norousi, P., Ganjali, M.R., Daneshgar, P., Dinarvand, M., Moosavi-Movahedi, A.A., and Saboyri, A.A., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2007, vol. 590, nos. 1–2, p. 74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Vatutina, M.V., Ryzhkova, O.A., and Shaposhnik, V.A., Mai Zui Khan’, Bulynin V.V, Sorbtsionnye Khromatogr. Protsessy, 2010, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 632.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Nerin, C., Garnica, A., and Cacho, J., Anal. Lett., 1991, vol. 24, no. 10, p. 1847.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Gemal, S.A. and Hassan, A.F., Anal. Lett., 1995, vol. 28, no. 15, p. 2663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  130. Qin Zong-hui, Pu Li-jun, and Tan Rong, Jiangxi Norm. Univ. Nat. Sci., 2007, vol. 31, p. 275.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Nemcova, I., Rychlovsky, P., Tomankova, V., and Zivanovic, Lj., Anal. Lett., 2001, vol. 34, no. 14, p. 2457.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Saraeva, O.A., Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Chem.) Dissertation, Tyumen’, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Aksu, Ö., Bozdoğan, A., and Kunt, G., Anal. Lett., 2006, vol. 39, p. 751.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Sarrafi, A.H.M., Bahmaei, M., and Mousavi, A.Z., J. Iran. Chem. Res., 2010, vol. 3, p. 31.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. M. Adamova.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © E.M. Adamova, V.M. Ivanov, 2016, published in Zhurnal Analiticheskoi Khimii, 2016, Vol. 71, No. 12, pp. 1250–1262.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Adamova, E.M., Ivanov, V.M. Methods for the determination of local anesthetic agents. J Anal Chem 71, 1169–1181 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934816120029

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934816120029

Keywords

Navigation