Abstract
Promoting farming work is crucial for sustainable economic development in Asian-Pacific rural areas. How to promote rural entrepreneurship has recently become a critical issue in agricultural education. This article reports the results of two subsequent studies. The first study confirmed the factor structures of the five-factor model of personality, the general self-efficacy scale, and the entrepreneurial intention scale. The second study tested the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention among agricultural students. The results indicate that entrepreneurial intention comprises two dimensions: conviction and preparation. Accordingly, the mediation model of self-efficacy is partially supported. Extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness reliably predict both conviction and preparation, whereas neuroticism does not. In addition to the indirect effects, both openness and negative emotion exert a direct effect on entrepreneurial intention in agricultural students.
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Acknowledgments
The current study is part of the research project (NSC 102-2511-S-002-009-MY2) supported by Taiwan’s Ministry of Science and Technology. The authors would like to acknowledge Wei-Sheng Lin for his valuable contributions in statistical analysis. The authors would also like to extend their gratitude to the insightful suggestions of anonymous Higher Education reviewers and the Brain Rhythm Incorporation.
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Appendix
Appendix
Items of the International English Big-Five Mini-Markers
Factor/item | |||
---|---|---|---|
Extraversion | |||
1. Shy | 2. Talkative | 3. Energetic | 4. Quiet |
5. Extraverted | 6. Outgoing | 7. Reserved | 8. Untalkative |
Openness | |||
9. Creative | 10. Intellectual | 11. Unimaginative | 12. Artistic |
13. Intelligent | 14. Philosophical | 15. Deep | 16. Uncreative |
Neuroticism | |||
17. Envious | 18. Emotional | 19. Anxious | 20. Unworried |
21. Jealous | 22. Unenvious | 23. Moody | 24. Unanxious |
Conscientiousness | |||
25. Efficient | 26. Disorganized | 27. Careless | 28. Untidy |
29. Neat | 30. Inefficient | 31. Systematic | 32. Organized |
Agreeableness | |||
33. Kind | 34. Sympathetic | 35. Harsh | 36. Cooperative |
37. Unkind | 38. Warm | 39. Rude | 40. Inconsiderate |
Items of the entrepreneurial intention scale
Factor/item |
---|
Conviction |
1. I will do anything to become an entrepreneur |
2. My professional goal is to become an entrepreneur |
3. I will make every effort to establish and operate my own business |
4. I am seriously considering starting a business |
5. I am determined to become a professional business manager |
6. I am determined to develop my business into a high-growth enterprise |
Preparation |
7. I plan to start my own business within 2 years after graduation |
8. I plan to start my own business within 5 years after graduation |
9. I am going to inherit my family’s business in the future |
Items of the general self-efficacy scale
Factor/item |
---|
General self-efficacy |
1. I can achieve most goals that I set for myself |
2. When working on difficult tasks, I am certain that I will complete them |
3. I can achieve outcomes that are important to me |
4. I believe that I can succeed at most endeavors that I focus on |
5. I can successfully overcome many challenges |
6. I am confident that I can perform effectively in various tasks |
7. Compared with other people, I can perform effectively in most tasks |
8. I can perform effectively in difficult situations |
Items of negative emotion
Factor/item |
---|
Negative emotion |
1. My intention to do schoolwork is stronger when I feel distressed |
2. My intention to do schoolwork is stronger when I feel ashamed |
3. My intention to do schoolwork is stronger when I feel hostile |
4. My intention to do schoolwork is stronger when I feel nervous |
5. My intention to do schoolwork is stronger when I feel scared |
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Wang, JH., Chang, CC., Yao, SN. et al. The contribution of self-efficacy to the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention. High Educ 72, 209–224 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9946-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9946-y