Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

RGB channel based decision tree grey-alpha medical image steganography with RSA cryptosystem

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents the novelty in sensitive data transmission of patient medical records. The secret medical data is hidden inside scanned grey medical image or magnetic resonance image using the red, green, blue, and alpha (RGBA) image and with the help of decision tree. In this technique, alpha channel will be separated from the RGBA image and merged to the medical grey image to improve the hiding capacity. RSA cryptosystem is used to encrypt the medical data, and divided into various blocks using dynamic key. In steganography process, organize the grey-alpha channel medical cover image into various blocks using dynamic key. Secret cipher blocks are assigned to grey-alpha channel medical cover image blocks using Breadth First Search and decision tree, for data embedding. Performance analysis is observed using various performance measure parameters between various medical stego and cover images.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Randolph C, Barrows JR, Paul MD, Clayton D (1996) Review: privacy, confidentiality and electronic medical records. J Am Med Inf Assoc 3(2):139–148. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC116296/pdf/0030139.pdf

  2. Raman RS, Reddy R, Jagannathan V, Reddy S, Cleetus KJ, Srinivas K (1997) A strategy for the development of secure telemedicine applications. In: Proceedings of the AMIA annual fall symposium, pp 344–348. Available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9357645

  3. United S (2000) Summary of the HIPAA privacy rule. United States Department of Health and Human Services, pp 1–19. Available at http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/summary/privacysummary.pdf

  4. Chandra MK, Cherif A (2002) Implementation of the RSA algorithm and its cryptanalysis. In: ASEE Gulf-Southwest annual conference, American society for engineering education, USA. Available at http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.130.6258&rep=rep1&type=pdf

  5. Wu DC, Tsai WH (2003) A steganograhic method for images by pixel value differencing. Pattern Recogn Lett 24(9-10):1613–1626

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang X, Wang S (2004) Vulnerability of pixel-value differencing steganography to histogram analysis and modification for enhanced security. Pattern Recogn Lett 25(12):331–339

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chang CC, Tseng HW (2004) A steganographic method for digital images using side match. Pattern Recogn Lett 25(12):1431–1437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Martin A, Sapiro G, Seroussi G (2005) Is image steganography natural. IEEE Trans Image Process 14(12):2040–2050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wang R, Chen Y (2006) High payload image steganography using two-way block matching. IEEE Signal Process Lett 13(3):161–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kumar PM, Roopa D (2007) An image steganography framework with improved tamper proofing. Asian J Inf Technol 6(10):1023–1029

    Google Scholar 

  11. Provos N, Honeyman P (2003) Hide and seek: an introduction to steganography. Secur Privacy Mag IEEE 1(3):32–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Cheddad A et al (2010) Digital image steganography survey and analysis of current methods. Signal Process 90:727–752

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Mohammad ABY, Jantan A (2008) A new steganography approach for image encryption exchange by using the LSB insertion. IJCSNS Int J Comput Sci Netw Secur 8(6):247–254. Available at http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.371.9525&rep=rep1&type=pdf

  14. Nag A, Singh JP, Khan S, Ghosh S (2011) A weighted location based LSB image steganography technique. Springer ACC 2011, CCIS (ISBN: 978-3-642-22714-1), 2(191):620–627. Available at http://www.link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-22714-1_64.pdf

  15. Maiti C, Baksi D, Zamider I, Gorai P, Kisku DR (2011) Data hiding in images using some efficient steganography techniques. Springer SIP 2011, CCIS (ISBN: 978-3-642-27183-0), 2(260):195–203. Available at http://www.link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-27183-0_21

  16. Juneja M, Sandhu PS (2009) Designing of robust steganography technique based on LSB insertion and encryption. In: Proceedings of international conference on advances in recent technologies in communication and computing (ISBN: 978-0-7695-38457), pp 302–305. Available at http://www.dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1673335

  17. Parvez MT, Gutub AA (2008) RGB based variable-bits image steganography. In: Proceedings of IEEE Asia pacific services computing conference (ISBN: 978-0-7695-3473-2), pp. 1322–1327. Available at http://www.ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4780862

  18. Alseelawi NS, Ismaiel TZ, Sabir FA (2015) High capacity steganography method based upon RGBA image. Int J Adv Res Comput Commun Eng (ISSN: 2278-1021), 4(6). Available at http://www.ijarcce.com/upload/2015/june-15/IJARCCE%2027.pdf

  19. Thiyagarajan P, Aghila G (2013) Reversible dynamic secure steganography for medical image using graph coloring. Health Policy Technol 2(3):151–161. Available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211883713000403

  20. Ross J, Anderson F, Petitcolas AP (1998) On the limits of steganography. In: IEEE Journal of selected Areas in communication, Special Issue on Copyright & Privacy protection (ISSN: 0733-8716), 6(4):474–481

  21. Swain G, Lenka SK (2012) LSB array based image steganography technique by exploring the four least significant bits. Springer, In: Proceedings of 4th international conference, Obcom 2011, CCIS (ISBN: 978-3-642-29216-3), 2(270):479–488

  22. Swain G, Lenka SK (2015) A novel steganography technique by mapping words with LSB array. Int J Signal Imaging Syst Eng Indersci (ISSN: 1748-0701), 8(1–2). Available at: http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=67052

  23. Wang XZ, Ashfaq RAR, Fu AM (2015) Fuzziness based sample categorization for classifier performance improvement. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 29(3):1185–1196

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang XZ (2015) Uncertainty in learning from big data-editorial. J Intell Fuzzy Syst 28(5):2329–2330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Lu SX, Wang XZ, Zhang GQ, Zhou X (2015) Effective algorithms of the Moore–Penrose inverse matrices for extreme learning machine. Intell Data Anal 19(4):743–760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. He YL, Wang XZ, Huang JZX (2016) Fuzzy nonlinear regression analysis using a random weight network. Inf Sci. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2016.01.037

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ashfaq RAR, Wang XZJ, Huang ZX, Abbas H, He YL (2016) Fuzziness based semi-supervised learning approach for intrusion detection system (IDS). Inf Sci. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2016.04.019

    Google Scholar 

  28. Anthony JM, Robert NF, Yang L, Nathaniel AW, Steven DB (2004) An introduction to decision tree modeling. J Chemomet 18(6):275–285. Available at http://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cem.873/pdf

  29. Thomas HC, Charles EL, Ronald LR, Clifford S (2001) Introduction to algorithms, 2nd edn. MIT Press and McGraw-Hill, Section 10.1: Stacks and queues, pp. 200–204. Available at http://www.dcc.ufrj.br/~francisco_vianna/livros/Introduction.To.Algorithms.-.Cormen.-.2nd.Ed.pdf

  30. Li B et al (2011) A survey on image steganography and steganalysis. Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (ISSN: 2073-4212), 2(2):142–172. Available at http://www.bit.kuas.edu.tw/~jihmsp/2011/vol2/JIH-MSP-2011-03-005.pdf

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India

    Mamta Jain & Anil Kumar

Authors
  1. Mamta Jain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anil Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mamta Jain.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jain, M., Kumar, A. RGB channel based decision tree grey-alpha medical image steganography with RSA cryptosystem. Int. J. Mach. Learn. & Cyber. 8, 1695–1705 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-016-0542-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-016-0542-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation