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The bioaccumulation potential of heavy metals by Gliricidia sepium (Fabaceae) in mine tailings

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Abstract

As a result of mining activities, waste of different types is generated. One example is mine tailings that contain potentially toxic elements such as heavy metals that negatively impact the environment and human health. Hence, developing treatments to guarantee its efficient elimination from the environment is necessary. Among these treatments, phytoremediation takes advantage of the potential of different plant species, to remove heavy metals from polluted sites. Gliricidia sepium is a tree that grows up to 15 m high and distributed from southern Mexico to Central America. This study evaluates the heavy metal bioaccumulation capacity in roots and leaves, and the effect of such bioaccumulation on fifteen macro- and one micro-morphological characters of G. sepium growing during 360 days in control, and in mine tailing substrates. G. sepium individuals growing on the exposed substrate registered the following average heavy metal bioaccumulation pattern in the roots: Fe > Pb > Zn > Cu, while in the leaf tissue, the bioaccumulation pattern was Cu > Fe > Pb > Zn. Macro- and micro-morphological characters evaluated in G. sepium decreased in plants exposed to metals. The translocation factor showed that Cu and Pb registered average values greater than 1. In conclusion, G. sepium is a species with potential for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with Fe, Cu, and Pb, and for phytostabilizing soils polluted with Fe, Pb, Zn, and Cu, along with its ability to establish itself and turn into an abundant plant species in polluted sites, its capacity to bioaccumulate heavy metals in roots and leaves, and its high rate of HM translocation.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the “Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales,” Autonomous University of Morelos State (UAEM), for the facilities granted to carry out this project. This research was supported by a CONACyT scholarship grant to M.S.M. (Grant: 307350). Also, we thank Rosalind Pearson Hedge for her comments and English edition that improved our manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Patricia Mussali-Galante & Alexis Rodríguez-Solis

  2. Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Miguel Santoyo-Martínez

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    María Luisa Castrejón-Godínez & Leticia Valencia-Cuevas

  4. Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad S/N, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Luz Breton-Deval

  5. Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

    Efraín Tovar-Sánchez

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Conceptualization: ET-S; methodology: ET-S, PM-G, MS-M; validation: ET-S, MLC-G, PM-G; formal analysis: ET-S, MS-M; writing—original draft preparation: ET-S, MLC-G, LB-D; writing—review and editing: ET-S, PM-G, LV-C, AR-S; supervision: ET-S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Efraín Tovar-Sánchez.

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Mussali-Galante, P., Santoyo-Martínez, M., Castrejón-Godínez, M.L. et al. The bioaccumulation potential of heavy metals by Gliricidia sepium (Fabaceae) in mine tailings. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 38982–38999 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24904-7

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