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May a comprehensive mineralogical study of a jackstone calculus and some other human bladder stones unveil health and environmental implications?

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Abstract

This paper represents the first result of an active collaboration between the University of Sannio and the San Pio Hospital (Benevento, Italy), started in the 2018, that aims to a detailed mineralogical investigation of urinary stones of patients from Campania region. Herein, selected human bladder stones have been deeply characterized for clinical purposes and environmental biomonitoring, focusing on the importance to evaluate the concentration and distribution of undesired trace elements by means of microscopic techniques in the place of conventional wet chemical analyses. A rare bladder stone with a sea-urchin appearance, known as jackstone calculus, were also investigated (along with bladder stones made of uric acid and brushite) by means a comprehensive analytical approach, including Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction and Simultaneous Thermal Analyses. Main clinical assumptions were inferred according to the morpho-constitutional classification of bladder stones and information about patient’s medical history and lifestyle. In most of the analyzed uroliths, undesired trace elements such as copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury and arsenic have been detected and generally attributable to environmental pollution or contaminated food. Simultaneous occurrence of selenium and mercury should denote a methylmercury detoxification process, probably leading to the formation of a very rare HgSe compound known as tiemannite.

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All data are included in the present manuscript. Further information can be request to the corresponding author.

Change history

  • 13 October 2021

    In the published article, all the tables were published with incorrect layout. The tables have been updated with correct layout.

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Acknowledgements

ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste is thanked for the allocation of the beam-time, and Paolo Lotti for the assistance during the XRD data collection. Andrea Risplendente is thanked for the assistance during the EMPA/WDS analysis. The authors also thank: Antonia Cinelli and Valentina Materazzo for their collaboration in the first steps of the present investigation; Prof. Vincenzo Morra and Prof. Piergiulio Cappelletti for early discussions; Paolo Dello Russo (LITHOS lab) for helping us to prepare the thin sections.; the two anonymous referees for their precious and important suggestions which largely improved the manuscript. Lastly, the present investigation was carried out with the financial support of University of Sannio Benevento (Department of Science and Technology) research funding (FRA 2020 granted to dr. Mariano Mercurio).

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This work was supported by Department of Science and Technology University of Sannio Benevento (FRA2020 granted to Mariano Mercurio).

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All the authors critically contributed to the writing and editing of manuscript draft, investigation, analysis and interpretation of data. The authors also approved the final version of the manuscript to be submitted for publication.

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Correspondence to F. Izzo.

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Mercurio, M., Izzo, F., Gatta, G.D. et al. May a comprehensive mineralogical study of a jackstone calculus and some other human bladder stones unveil health and environmental implications?. Environ Geochem Health 44, 3297–3320 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-01083-x

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