Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water stress on early and mid-late categories of Co-canes, i.e., [Co 98014, Co 0118, Co 0238, Co 07023, Co 15023 (early) and Co 0124, Co 05011, Co 11027, Co 15027, Co 12029 (mid-late)]. The experiment consists of stress treatments in main plot, i.e. (control and water stress) and ten Co-canes in subplot were laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation during formative phase. The observations recorded on morphological, physiological and yield attributes have suggested possible key characteristics of water stress tolerance. Leaf area and cane length exhibited 37.3% and 26.53% reduction under drought condition in comparison to the control. Co 05011 (78.77%) and Co 0238 (76.88%) showed/maintained better RWC under stress condition with mean reduction of 16.70% over Co-canes RWC. Water stress also caused reduction in gas exchange traits and the associated pigments by 56.57% in stomatal conductance (gS), 56.55% in photosynthetic rate (pN), 38.21% in transpiration rate (E), 28.01% in internal CO2 (Ci) and 16.86% in the chlorophyll content. Maximum water use efficiency (pN/E) under drought stress was recorded in Co 0238 (4.12) and Co 98014 (3.93). Total number of tillers, number of millable canes, single cane weight and cane yield were also reduced under water stress but Co 98014, Co 05011, Co 0238, Co 12029 and Co 15023 showed lesser reduction in these traits. Further, the cane yield data were subjected to different drought tolerance indices viz. stress susceptibility index, stress tolerance index and yield index. Results obtained from physiological and yield attributes as well as tolerance indices indicated that Co 98014, Co 05011, Co 0238 and Co 12029 had the potential to grow well under water stress conditions for sustaining sugarcane production and hence could be used as tolerant germplasm in crop improvement programs.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- LA:
-
Leaf area
- RWC:
-
Relative water content
- Chl:
-
Chlorophyll content
- pN:
-
Photosynthetic rate
- gS:
-
Stomatal conductance
- E:
-
Transpiration rate
- Ci:
-
Intercellular CO2
- SSI:
-
Stress susceptibility index
- STI:
-
Stress tolerance index
- YI:
-
Yield index
References
Ali, Q., M.Z. Haider, W. Iftikhar, S. Jamil, M. Tariq Javed, A. Noman, and R. Perveen. 2016. Drought tolerance potential of Vigna mungo L. lines as deciphered by modulated growth, antioxidant defense, and nutrient acquisition patterns. Brazilian Journal of Botany 39: 801–812.
Amini, H., A. Arzani, and M. Karami. 2014. Effect of water deficiency on seed quality and physiological traits of different safflower genotypes. Turkish Journal of Biology 38: 271–282.
Anjum, S.A., M. Farooq, L.C. Wang, L.L. Xue, S.G. Wang, L. Wang, S. Zhang, and M. Chen. 2011. Gas exchange and chlorophyll synthesis of maize cultivars are enhanced by exogenously-applied glycinebetaine under drought conditions. Plant Soil Environment 57: 326–331.
Atteya, A.M. 2003. Alteration of water relations and yield of corn genotypes in response to drought stress. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology 29: 63–76.
Cal, A.J., M. Sanciangco, M.C. Rebolledo, D. Luquet, R.O. Torres, K.L. McNally, and A. Henry. 2019. Leaf morphology, rather than plant water status, underlies genetic variation of rice leaf rolling under drought. Plant Cell Environment 42: 1532–1544.
Chaves, M.M., J. Flexas, and C. Pinheiro. 2009. Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: Regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany 103: 551–560.
Dingkuhn, M., R.T. Cruz, J.C. O’Toole, and K. Dörffling. 1989. Net photosynthesis, water use efficiency, leaf water potential and leaf rolling as affected by water deficit in tropical upland rice. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research 40: 1171–1181.
Dionisio-Sese, M.L., and S. Tobita. 2000. Effects of salinity on sodium content and photosynthetic responses of rice seedlings differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Physiology 157: 54–58.
Fernandez G.C.J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing plant stress tolerance. In Proceeding of the international symposium on adaptation of vegetable and other food crops in temperature and water stress, Taiwan, 257–270.
Fischer, R.A., and R. Maurer. 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars: I. Grain yield responses. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research 29: 897–912.
Flexas, J., J. Bota, F. Loreto, G. Cornic, and T.D. Sharkey. 2004. Diffusive and metabolic limitations to photosynthesis under drought and salinity in C3 plants. Plant Biology 6: 269–279.
Ghaffar, A., M.A. Mudassir, M.A. Sarwar, and M.A. Nadeem. 2013. Effect of different irrigation coefficients on cane and sugar yield attributes of sugarcane. Crop Environment 4: 46–50.
Hemaprabha, G., R. Nagarajan, and S. Alarmelu. 2004. Response of sugarcane genotypes to water deficit stress. Sugar Tech 6: 165–168.
Hemaprabha, G., S. Swapna, D.L. Lavanya, B. Sajitha, and S. Venkataramana. 2013. Evaluation of drought tolerance potential of elite genotypes and progenies of Sugarcane (Saccharum sp. hybrids). Sugar Tech 15: 9–16.
Inman-Bamber, N.G., and D.M. Smith. 2005. Water relations in sugarcane and response to water deficits. Field Crops Research 92: 185–202.
Jackson, M.L. 1973. Soil chemical analysis, 498. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
Jongrunklang, N., B. Toomsan, N. Vorasoot, S. Jogloy, T. Kesmala, and A. Patanothai. 2008. Identification of peanut genotypes with water use efficiency under drought stress conditions from peanut germplasm of diverse origins. Asian Journal of Plant Science 7: 628–638.
Joshi S., S.B. Jadhav, and A.A. Patil. 1996. Effect of tiller pruning on cane and sugar yield in early maturing sugarcane varieties. In Annual convention of the deccan sugar technologists association, 45, Pune, 1996. Proceedings, 24–28. Pune: DSTA.
Koonjah, S.S., S. Walker, A. Singels, R. Van Antwerpen, and A.R. Nayamuth. 2006. A quantitative study of water stress effect on sugarcane photosynthesis. Proceedings of South African Sugar Technology Association 80: 148–158.
Kumar, A., C. Lata, P. Kumar, R. Devi, K. Singh, S.L. Krishnamurthy, N. Kulshreshtha, R.K. Yadav, and S.K. Sharma. 2016. Salinity and drought induced changes in gas exchange attributes and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 86: 718–726.
Kumar, A., C. Lata, S.L. Krishnamurthy, A. Kumar, K.R.K. Prasad, and N. Kulshreshtha. 2017. Physiological and biochemical characterization of rice varieties under salt and drought stresses. Journal of Soil Salinity and Water Quality 9: 167–177.
Kumar, A., A. Kumar, P. Kumar, C. Lata, and S. Kumar. 2018a. Effect of individual and interactive alkalinity and salinity on physiological, biochemical and nutritional traits of Marvel grass. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 56: 573–581.
Kumar, A., A. Kumar, C. Lata, S. Kumar, S. Mangalassery, J.P. Singh, A.K. Mishra, and D. Dayal. 2018b. Effect of salinity and alkalinity on responses of halophytic grasses Sporobolus marginatus and Urochondra setulosa. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 88: 1296–1304.
Kumar, A., S.K. Sharma, C. Lata, R. Devi, N. Kulshrestha, S.L. Krishnamurthy, K. Singh, and R.K. Yadav. 2018c. Impact of water deficit (salt and drought) stress on physiological, biochemical and yield attributes on wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 88: 1624–1632.
Kumar, A., A.K. Mishra, K. Singh, C. Lata, and P. Kumar. 2019. Diurnal changes and effect of elevated CO2 on gas exchange under individual and interactive salt and water stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 89: 763–768.
Kumar, D., N. Malik, and R.S. Sengar. 2021. Physiobiochemical insights into sugarcane genotypes under water stress. Biological Rhythm Research 52: 92–115.
Larcher W. 2006. Ecofisiologia vegetal. Translation: Prado CHBA. Rima, São Carlos, p. 531.
Lawlor, D.W., and W. Tezara. 2009. Causes of decreased photosynthetic rate and metabolic capacity in water deficient leaf cells: a critical evaluation of mechanisms and integration of processes. Annals of Botany 103: 561–579.
Leakey, A.D.B., J.N. Ferguson, C.P. Pignon, A. Wu, Z. Jin, G.L. Hammer, and D.B. Lobell. 2019. Water use efficiency as a constraint and target for improving the resilience and productivity of C3 and C4 crops. Annual Review of Plant Biology 70: 781–808.
Lin, C.S., M.R. Binns, and L.P. Lefkovich. 1986. Stability analysis. Crop Science 26: 894–900.
Lu, H.B., Y.M. Qiao, X.C. Gong, H.Q. Li, Q. Zhang, Z.H. Zhao, and L.L. Meng. 2015. Influence of drought stress on the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of hybrid millet. Photosynthetica 53: 306–311.
Machado, R., R. Ribeiro, P. Marchiori, D. Machado, E. Machado, and M. Landell. 2009. Biometric and physiological responses to water deficit in sugarcane at different phenological stages. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira. 44: 1575–1582.
Makarana, G., A. Kumar, R.K. Yadav, R. Kumar, P.G. Soni, C. Lata, and P. Sheoran. 2019. Effect of saline water irrigations on physiological, biochemical and yield attributes of dual purpose pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) varieties. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 89: 624–633.
Mall, R.K., G. Sonkar, D. Bhatt, N.K. Sharma, A.K. Baxla, and K.K. Singh. 2016. Managing impact of extreme weather events in sugarcane in different agro-climatic zones of Uttar Pradesh. Mausam 67: 233–250.
Mann, A., G. Kaur, A. Kumar, S.K. Sanwal, J. Singh, and P.C. Sharma. 2019. Physiological response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) at early seedling stage under salt stress conditions. Legume Research 42: 625–632.
Medeiros, D.B., E.C. Silva, H.R.B. Santos, C.M. Pacheco, R.S. Musser, and R.J.M.C. Nogueira. 2012. Physiological and biochemical response to drought stress in the Barbados cherry. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 24: 181–192.
Meena, M.R., N. Murthy, R. Kumar, and M.L. Chhabra. 2013. Genotypic response of sugarcane under induced moisture deficit conditions. Vegetos 26: 229–232.
Misra, V., S. Solomon, A.K. Mall, C.P. Prajapati, A. Hashem, E.F. Abd Allah, and M.I. Ansari. 2020. Morphological assessment of water stressed sugarcane: A comparison of waterlogged and drought affected crop. Saudi Journal of Biological Science 27: 1228–1236.
Muthuvel, P., and C. Udayasoorian. 1999. Soil, Plant, 301. Water and Agrochemical analysis: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India.
Ohashi, Y., N. Nakayama, H. Saneoka, and K. Fujita. 2006. Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and stem diameter of soybean plants. Biologia Plantarum 50: 138–141.
Olsen S.R., C.V. Cole, F.S. Watanable, and L.A. Dean. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorous in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. Circular (United States. Dept. of Agriculture), pp. 939.
Piper, C.S. 1966. Soil and Plant Analysis. Bombay: Hans Publisher.
Pooja, A.S., M. Nandwal, A. Chand, B. Kumar, A. Kumari. Rani, and N. Kulshrestha. 2017. Comparative evaluation of changes in protein profile of sugarcane varieties under different soil moisture regimes. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6: 1203–1210.
Pooja, A.S., M. Nandwal, A. Chand, B. Kumari, V. Goel. Rani, and S. Singh. 2019a. Genotypic differences in growth behavior and quality parameters of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) varieties under moisture stress conditions. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 89: 65–72.
Pooja, A.S., M. Nandwal, K. Chand, A.K. Singh, A. Mishra, A. Kumari. Kumar, and B. Rani. 2019b. Varietal variation in physiological and biochemical attributes of sugarcane varieties under different soil moisture regimes. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 57: 721–732.
Pooja, A.S., M. Nandwal, A. Chand, B. Kumari, V. Goel. Rani, and N. Kulshreshtha. 2020. Soil moisture deficit induced changes in antioxidant defense mechanism of sugarcane varieties differing in maturity. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 90: 56–61.
Ramesh, P., and M. Mahadevaswamy. 2000. Effect of formative phase drought on different classes of shoots, shoot mortality, cane attributes, yield and quality of four sugarcane cultivars. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 185: 249–258.
Rao, C.M., U.V. Kumar, R.B. Naik, D. Sekha, and G.S. Katti. 2007. Relative performance of sugarcane clones/varieties under soil moisture stress/drought during formative stage. Indian Sugar 56 (11): 23–28.
Redondo-Gómez, S., E. Mateos-Naranjo, A.J. Davy, F. Fernández-Muñoz, E.M. Castellanos, T. Luque, and M.E. Figueroa. 2007. Growth and photosynthetic responses to salinity of the salt-marsh shrub Atriplex portulacoides. Annals of Botany 100: 555–563.
Santos, H.R.B., E.M.R. Pedrosa, R.J.M.C. Nogueira, M.M. Rolim, S.R.V.L. Maranhão, and D.B. Medeiros. 2013. Crescimento de trêsvariedades de cana-de-açúcarsubmetidas a estressehídricoassociado à Meloidogyneincógnita. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias 4: 547–554.
Sheoran, P., N. Basak, A. Kumar, R.K. Yadav, R. Singh, R. Sharma, S. Kumar, R.K. Singh, and P.C. Sharma. 2021. Ameliorants and salt tolerant varieties improve rice-wheat production in soils undergoing sodification with alkali water irrigation in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Agricultural Water Management 243: 106492.
Silva, M.A., J.L. Jifon, J.A.G. da Silva, and V. Sharma. 2007. Use of physiological parameters as fast tools to screen for drought tolerance in sugarcane. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 19: 193–201.
Silva, M.A., J.A.G. da Silva, J. Enciso, V. Sharma, and J. Jifon. 2008. Yield components as indicators of drought tolerance of sugarcane. Scientia Agricola 65: 620–627.
de Silva, M.A., J.L. Jifon, C.M. dos Santos, C.J. Jadoski, and J.A.G. da Silva (2013) Photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency in sugarcane genotypes subject to water deficit during early growth phase. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 56(5): 735–748.
Singh R.A. 1980. Soil Physical Analysis. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India
Singh, S., and P.N.G. Rao. 1987. Varietal differences in growth characteristics in sugarcane. Journal of Agriculture Science 108: 245–247.
Singh, A., P.C. Sharma, M.D. Meena, A. Kumar, A.K. Mishra, P. Kumar, S.K. Chaudhari, and D.K. Sharma. 2016. Effect of salinity on gas exchange parameters and ionic relations in bael (Aegle marmelos Correa). Indian Journal of Horticulture 73: 48–53.
Smit, M.A., and A. Singels. 2006. The response of sugarcane canopy development to water stress. Field Crops Research 98: 91–97.
Songsri, P., S. Jogloy, C.C. Holbrook, T. Kesmala, N. Vorasoot, C. Akkasaeng, and A. Patanothai. 2009. Association of root, specific leaf area and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading to water use efficiency of peanut under different available soil water. Agricultural Water Management 9: 790–798.
Srinivasan T.R. 1993. Management Practices for Drought Situation Lead Paper Presented in the 8th Sugarcane Research and Development Workers Meeting of Northern Karnataka held at MKN, Hubli.
Srivastava, R.N., S.B. Singh, and S. Singh. 2007. Water management in sugarcane. In Sugarcane Crop Production and improvement, ed. S.B. Singh, G.P. Rao, S. Solomon, and P. Gopalasundaram, 511–530. Texas: Studium Press LLC.
Steduto, P., R. Albrizio, P. Giorio, and G. Sorrentino. 2000. Gas-exchange response and stomatal and non-stomatal limitations to carbon assimilation of sunflower under salinity. Environment and Experimental Botany 44: 243–255.
Subbiah, B.V., and G.L. Asija. 1956. A rapid procedure for the determination of available nitrogen in soils. Current Science 25: 259–260.
Taiz L., and E. Zeiger. 2006. Plant Physiology, 4th edn, Sinauer Associates, Inc.; ISBN 978-0878938568, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Venkataramana, S., P.N.G. Rao, and K.M. Naidu. 1986. The effects of water stress during the formative phase on stomatal resistance and leaf water potential and its relationship with yield in ten sugarcane varieties. Field Crop Research 13: 345–353.
Verma, I.J., H.P. Das, and M.G. Ghanekar. 2004. A study of water requirement of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in gangetic plains. Mausam 55: 339–334.
Vision S.B.I. 2030. Vision 2030, Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore.
Weatherley, P.E. 1950. Studies in the water relation of cotton plants. The field measurement of water deficit in leaves. New Phytology 49: 81–87.
Wiedenfeld, R.P. 2000. Water stress during different sugar cane growth periods on yield and response to N fertilizer. Agricultural Water Management 43: 173–182.
Yadav, T., A. Kumar, R.K. Yadav, G. Yadav, R. Kumar, and M. Kushwaha. 2020. Salicylic acid and thiourea mitigate the salinity and drought stress on physiological traits governing yield in pearl millet–wheat. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 27: 2010–2017.
Yordanov, I., V. Velikova, and T. Tsonev. 2003. Plant responses to drought and stress tolerance. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiology 38: 187–206.
Acknowledgements
The authors sincerely acknowledge the help rendered by Head, ICAR-SBI, Regional Centre, Karnal and Director, ICAR-SBI, Coimbatore, for providing necessary facilities to carry out the research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dhansu, P., Kulshreshtha, N., Kumar, R. et al. Identification of Drought-Tolerant Co-canes Based on Physiological Traits, Yield Attributes and Drought Tolerance Indices. Sugar Tech 23, 747–761 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-021-00967-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-021-00967-7