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Temporal emergence of age-associated changes in cognitive and physical function in vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus)

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Abstract

Dual declines in gait speed and cognitive performance are associated with increased risk of developing dementia. Characterizing the patterns of such impairments therefore is paramount to distinguishing healthy from pathological aging. Nonhuman primates such as vervet/African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) are important models of human neurocognitive aging, yet the trajectory of dual decline has not been characterized. We therefore (1) assessed whether cognitive and physical performance (i.e., gait speed) are lower in older aged animals; (2) explored the relationship between performance in a novel task of executive function (Wake Forest Maze Task—WFMT) and a well-established assessment of working memory (delayed response task—DR task); and (3) examined the association between baseline gait speed with executive function and working memory at 1-year follow-up. We found (1) physical and cognitive declines with age; (2) strong agreement between performance in the novel WFMT and DR task; and (3) that slow gait is associated with poor cognitive performance in both domains. Our results suggest that older aged vervets exhibit a coordinated suite of traits consistent with human aging and that slow gait may be a biomarker of cognitive decline. This integrative approach provides evidence that gait speed and cognitive function differ across the lifespan in female vervet monkeys, which advances them as a model that could be used to dissect relationships between trajectories of dual decline over time.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Chrissy Long and Justin Herr for their advice and assistance during this study.

Funding

This work was supported by several mechanisms, including the following: National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HL087103 (CAS), NIH RF1AG058829 (CAS & SC), P30 AG049638 (SC), Intramural Grant from the Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine (CAS), Wake Forest Claude Pepper Older Americans Independence Center grant P30 AG21332 (SK), Vervet Research Colony (P40-OD010965) (MJ), and the Wake Forest Clinical and Translational Science Institute (NCATS UL1TR001420).

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  1. Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1040, USA

    Brett M. Frye, Payton M. Valure, Christie Scott, Shanna Wise-Walden, David W. Bissinger, Hannah M. Register, Carson Copeland, Matthew J. Jorgensen, Thomas C. Register & Carol A. Shively

  2. Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Department of Internal Medicine - Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA

    Brett M. Frye, Suzanne Craft, Jamie N. Justice & Stephen B. Kritchevsky

  3. Wake Forest Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Winston-Salem, USA

    Suzanne Craft, Thomas C. Register & Carol A. Shively

  4. Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, IW, New York, USA

    Mark G. Baxter

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Frye, B.M., Valure, P.M., Craft, S. et al. Temporal emergence of age-associated changes in cognitive and physical function in vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). GeroScience 43, 1303–1315 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00338-w

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