Résumé
En 2009, à l’occasion de l’épidémie de grippe H1N1, la description de formes très sévères de syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA) s’est accompagnée d’un renouveau de l’utilisation des techniques d’assistance respiratoire extracorporelle, aboutissant à considérer qu’elles avaient une place dans l’algorithme de prise en charge du SDRA. La rareté des indications et l’absence de preuves formelles de l’impact sur le pronostic des patients ont amené la Société de réanimation de langue française (SRLF) à organiser en partenariat avec la Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar), la Société de pneumologie de langue française (SPLF), le Groupe francophone de réanimation et d’urgences pédiatriques (GFRUP), la Société française de perfusion (Sofraperf), la Société française de chirurgie thoracique et cardiovasculaire (SFCTV) et la Société espagnole de soins intensifs (SEMICYUC), une conférence de consensus sur l’assistance extracorporelle au cours du SDRA. Un jury, composé de réanimateurs, a ainsi élaboré 65 recommandations correspondant aux cinq questions qui leur étaient posées : 1) quelles sont les techniques disponibles ? 2) Quels patients relèvent d’une assistance extracorporelle ? 3) Comment réaliser l’assistance extracorporelle ? 4) Quand et comment arrêter une assistance extracorporelle ? 5) Quelle organisation proposer ? La rédaction de ces recommandations a pris en compte les données de la littérature scientifique, analysée selon la méthode GRADE, ainsi que les données recueillies à l’occasion d’une réunion rassemblant experts et professionnels.
Abstract
The H1N1 influenza epidemics in 2009 led a substantial number of people to develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and refractory hypoxemia. In these patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used as rescue oxygenation therapy. Several randomized clinical trials and observational studies suggested that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation associated with protective mechanical ventilation could improve outcome, but its efficacy remains uncertain. Organized by the Société de réanimation de langue française (SRLF) in conjunction with the Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar), the Société de pneumologie de langue française (SPLF), the Groupe francophone de réanimation et d’urgences pédiatriques (GFRUP), the Société française de perfusion (Sofraperf), the Société française de chirurgie thoracique et cardiovasculaire (SFCTV) et the Société espagnole de soins intensifs (SEMICYUC), a consensus conference was held in December 2013 and a jury of 13 members wrote 65 recommendations to answer the five following questions regarding the place of extracorporeal life support for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: 1) What are the available techniques? 2) Which patients could benefit from extracorporeal life support? 3) How to perform extracorporeal life support? 4) How and when to stop extracorporeal life support? 5) Which organization should be recommended? To write the recommendations, evidence-base medicine (GRADE method), expert panel opinions, and shared decisions taken by all the thirteen members of the jury of the consensus conference were taken into account.
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Richard, C., Argaud, L., Blet, A. et al. Assistance extracorporelle au cours du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (chez l’adulte et l’enfant, à l’exclusion du nouveau-né). Conférence de consensus organisée par la Société de réanimation de langue française. Réanimation 22 (Suppl 3), 548–566 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13546-014-0858-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13546-014-0858-4
Mots clés
- Extracorporeal life support (ECLS)
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
- Extracorporeal CO 2 removal (ECCO2R)
- Syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA)
- Ventilation protectrice