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Toxicity of Water-Accommodated Fractions (WAF), Chemically Enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of Oman Crude Oil and Dispersant to Early-Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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Abstract

This study focused on comparing the lethal and sublethal toxicity of water-accommodated fractions (WAF) and chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of crude oil to zebrafish (Danio rerio) on early life stages (ELS). Results showed that the addition of GM-2 dispersant caused an increase in the levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and total priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ΣPAHs). Based on ΣPAHs, the LC20 estimates for WAF and CEWAF were 4.88 µg L−1 and 1.19 µg L−1, respectively, indicating that CEWAF was approximately four times more toxic. CEWAF exposure caused markedly lower hatching rates and higher malformation frequencies than WAF. Meanwhile, the general morphology score (GMS) values in CEWAF were about fourfold lower than that in WAF, indicating that CEWAF exposure induced more significant developmental delay. The results suggested that chemical dispersant enhanced the toxicity of crude oil to zebrafish on ELS and its application could increase the exposure of fishes to crude oil.

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Acknowledgements

This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (412761058, 51479016 and 51308083).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Linghai Road 1, Dalian, 116026, People’s Republic of China

    Xishan Li, Guanghui Ding, Xinrui Ma, Youmei Fan & Deqi Xiong

  2. Department of Biological Chemistry, Grinnell College, 1115 8th Avenue, Grinnell, IA, 50112, USA

    Yijun Xiong

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  1. Xishan Li
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  2. Guanghui Ding
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  3. Yijun Xiong
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  4. Xinrui Ma
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  5. Youmei Fan
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  6. Deqi Xiong
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Correspondence to Deqi Xiong.

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Li, X., Ding, G., Xiong, Y. et al. Toxicity of Water-Accommodated Fractions (WAF), Chemically Enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of Oman Crude Oil and Dispersant to Early-Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 101, 314–319 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2413-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2413-6

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