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Can otoliths of Genidens genidens (Cuvier 1829) (Siluriformes: Ariidae) reveal differences in life strategies of males and females?

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Abstract

Determination of the growth parameters of a species is an indispensable requirement for understanding its biology and consequently the management of its fishery. In fisheries science, calculations of longevity, mortality rates and stock-assessment models depend on the availability of growth data. Genidens genidens, one of the most common ariid species in Brazil, is a potential sentinel species for biomonitoring in Guanabara Bay, one of the country’s most degraded estuarine ecosystems. The present study investigated the growth parameters of G. genidens, providing supporting information for its management. Individuals were measured, sexed, and the number of rings in the lapillus otolith counted. The periodicity in the formation of the rings was determined by the monthly ratio of the edge type. Individuals from 0 to 11.5 years old were captured, including some that were older than previously reported. Our results showed that this species forms two growth rings per year, one in summer and the other in winter; the summer ring is formed one month later in males than in females, due to the period of oropharyngeal incubation of the offspring. Sexual dimorphism was also observed in the growth rate: males grow faster, and consequently reach smaller sizes than females. We can conclude that the parental care carried out by males and the high energy expenditure in forming the large oocytes by females mark the otoliths and reveal life-cycle particularities differently in each sex.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the team of Laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia Pesqueira, UFRJ for their assistance in obtaining the specimens, processing the material in the laboratory, and for their helpful comments in the discussions, especially Sérgio Santos and Luana Prestrelo. We are also grateful to the team of Laboratório de Esclerocronologia, UFPR for their help in preparing the otoliths, and to the artisanal fishermen for their participation in obtaining biological material. Finally, we thank CNPq (MV, AMVS and TRM) and FAPERJ (MV) for the grants awarded, and the PELD-Baía de Guanabara (CNPq PELD 403809/2012-6), FAPERJ (E26/112.636/2012, E26/110.114/2013 and E26/201.334/2014).

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  1. Laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia Pesqueira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-541, Brazil

    Thaís Rodrigues Maciel & Marcelo Vianna

  2. Laboratório de Esclerocronologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil

    André Martins Vaz-dos-Santos

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  1. Thaís Rodrigues Maciel
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Maciel, T.R., Vaz-dos-Santos, A.M. & Vianna, M. Can otoliths of Genidens genidens (Cuvier 1829) (Siluriformes: Ariidae) reveal differences in life strategies of males and females?. Environ Biol Fish 101, 1589–1598 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-018-0804-5

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