Loss of the BMP Antagonist, SMOC-1, Causes Ophthalmo-Acromelic (Waardenburg Anophthalmia) Syndrome in Humans and Mice.

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Serval ID
serval:BIB_800B2A781299
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Loss of the BMP Antagonist, SMOC-1, Causes Ophthalmo-Acromelic (Waardenburg Anophthalmia) Syndrome in Humans and Mice.
Journal
Plos Genetics
Author(s)
Rainger J., van Beusekom E., Ramsay J.K., McKie L., Al-Gazali L., Pallotta R., Saponari A., Branney P., Fisher M., Morrison H., Bicknell L., Gautier P., Perry P., Sokhi K., Sexton D., Bardakjian T.M., Schneider A.S., Elcioglu N., Ozkinay F., Koenig R., Mégarbané A., Semerci C.N., Khan A., Zafar S., Hennekam R., Sousa S.B., Ramos L., Garavelli L., Furga A.S., Wischmeijer A., Jackson I.J., Gillessen-Kaesbach G., Brunner H.G., Wieczorek D., van Bokhoven H., Fitzpatrick D.R.
ISSN
1553-7404 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
1553-7390
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2011
Volume
7
Number
7
Pages
e1002114
Language
english
Abstract
Ophthalmo-acromelic syndrome (OAS), also known as Waardenburg Anophthalmia syndrome, is defined by the combination of eye malformations, most commonly bilateral anophthalmia, with post-axial oligosyndactyly. Homozygosity mapping and subsequent targeted mutation analysis of a locus on 14q24.2 identified homozygous mutations in SMOC1 (SPARC-related modular calcium binding 1) in eight unrelated families. Four of these mutations are nonsense, two frame-shift, and two missense. The missense mutations are both in the second Thyroglobulin Type-1 (Tg1) domain of the protein. The orthologous gene in the mouse, Smoc1, shows site- and stage-specific expression during eye, limb, craniofacial, and somite development. We also report a targeted pre-conditional gene-trap mutation of Smoc1 (Smoc1(tm1a)) that reduces mRNA to ∼10% of wild-type levels. This gene-trap results in highly penetrant hindlimb post-axial oligosyndactyly in homozygous mutant animals (Smoc1(tm1a/tm1a)). Eye malformations, most commonly coloboma, and cleft palate occur in a significant proportion of Smoc1(tm1a/tm1a) embryos and pups. Thus partial loss of Smoc-1 results in a convincing phenocopy of the human disease. SMOC-1 is one of the two mammalian paralogs of Drosophila Pentagone, an inhibitor of decapentaplegic. The orthologous gene in Xenopus laevis, Smoc-1, also functions as a Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) antagonist in early embryogenesis. Loss of BMP antagonism during mammalian development provides a plausible explanation for both the limb and eye phenotype in humans and mice.
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Create date
22/08/2011 15:27
Last modification date
20/08/2019 14:40
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