AGAT, GAMT and SLC6A8 distribution in the central nervous system, in relation to creatine deficiency syndromes: a review.

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Serval ID
serval:BIB_F13D66EBFC62
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Publication sub-type
Review (review): journal as complete as possible of one specific subject, written based on exhaustive analyses from published work.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
AGAT, GAMT and SLC6A8 distribution in the central nervous system, in relation to creatine deficiency syndromes: a review.
Journal
Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease
Author(s)
Braissant O., Henry H.
ISSN
1573-2665 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
0141-8955
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2008
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
31
Number
2
Pages
230-239
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
Abstract
Creatine deficiency syndromes, either due to AGAT, GAMT or SLC6A8 deficiencies, lead to a complete absence, or a very strong decrease, of creatine within the brain, as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. While the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) expresses AGAT, GAMT and SLC6A8, the lack of SLC6A8 in astrocytes around the blood-brain barrier limits the brain capacity to import creatine from the periphery, and suggests that the CNS has to rely mainly on endogenous creatine synthesis through AGAT and GAMT expression. This seems contradictory with SLC6A8 deficiency, which, despite AGAT and GAMT expression, also leads to creatine deficiency in the CNS. We present novel data showing that in cortical grey matter, AGAT and GAMT are expressed in a dissociated way: e.g. only a few cells co-express both genes. This suggests that to allow synthesis of creatine within the CNS, at least for a significant part of it, guanidinoacetate must be transported from AGAT- to GAMT-expressing cells, possibly through SLC6A8. This would explain the creatine deficiency observed in SLC6A8-deficient patients. By bringing together creatine deficiency syndromes, AGAT, GAMT and SLC6A8 distribution in CNS, as well as a synthetic view on creatine and guanidinoacetate levels in the brain, this review presents a comprehensive framework, including new hypotheses, on brain creatine metabolism and transport, both in normal conditions and in case of creatine deficiency.
Keywords
Amidinotransferases/deficiency, Amidinotransferases/genetics, Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/enzymology, Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics, Animals, Brain/enzymology, Creatine/deficiency, Developmental Disabilities/enzymology, Developmental Disabilities/genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Glycine/analogs & derivatives, Glycine/metabolism, Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase/deficiency, Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase/genetics, Humans, Intellectual Disability/enzymology, Intellectual Disability/genetics, Language Development Disorders/enzymology, Language Development Disorders/genetics, Membrane Transport Proteins/deficiency, Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics, Movement Disorders/congenital, Movement Disorders/enzymology, Phenotype, Prognosis, Speech Disorders/enzymology, Speech Disorders/genetics
Pubmed
Web of science
Create date
04/02/2008 9:56
Last modification date
20/08/2019 16:18
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