Cognition and brain function in schizotypy : a selective review

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Serval ID
serval:BIB_94CFDBF1474E
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Cognition and brain function in schizotypy : a selective review
Journal
Schizophrenia Bulletin
Author(s)
Ettinger U., Mohr C., Gooding D. C., Cohen A. S., Rapp A., Haenschel C., Park S.
ISSN
0586-7614
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2015
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
41
Number
suppl. 2
Pages
S417-S426
Language
english
Abstract
Schizotypy refers to a set of personality traits thought to reflect the subclinical expression of the signs and symptoms of schizophrenia. Here, we review the cognitive and brain functional profile associated with high questionnaire scores in schizotypy. We discuss empirical evidence from the domains of perception, attention, memory, imagery and representation, language, and motor control. Perceptual deficits occur early and across various modalities. Whilst the neural mechanisms underlying visual impairments may be linked to magnocellular dysfunction, further effects may be seen downstream in higher cognitive functions. Cognitive deficits are observed in inhibitory control, selective and sustained attention, incidental learning and memory. In concordance with the cognitive nature of many of the aberrations of schizotypy, higher levels of schizotypy are associated with enhanced vividness and better performance on tasks of mental rotation. Language deficits seem most pronounced in higher-level processes. Finally, higher levels of schizotypy are associated with reduced performance on oculomotor tasks, resembling the impairments seen in schizophrenia. Some of these deficits are accompanied by reduced brain activation, akin to the pattern of hypoactivations in schizophrenia spectrum individuals. We conclude that schizotypy is a construct with apparent phenomenological overlap with schizophrenia and stable inter-individual differences that covary with performance on a wide range of perceptual, cognitive and motor tasks known to be impaired in schizophrenia. The importance of these findings lies not only in providing a fine-grained neurocognitive characterisation of a personality constellation known to be associated with real-life impairments, but also in generating hypotheses concerning the aetiology of schizophrenia.
Keywords
Schizophrenia, personality, perception, attention, memory, imagery, language, movement
Open Access
Yes
Create date
07/12/2014 11:55
Last modification date
14/02/2022 7:56
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